1 in Table 1 for the operation of the degrees of freedom during empirical orientation. In addition, the 
availability of by and bz in the Planimat allows the use of modified orientation procedures (given as 
Methods 2 and 3), in which one operation is complete after 7 instead of 9 steps. A particularly 
favorable procedure is Method No. 3 (the fact that point No. 6 is also checked during step 5a is in 
this connection of no importance, like the converging consecutive operations). 
Kw 
| — —— Format 18x18cm 
40 + Format 23 x23cm 
  
  
  
  
1,0 l 
1 
50 100 300 
I 
250 
— z-f (mm) 
Fig. 11 w-overcorrection factor Kw in the Planimat 
l 
150 
During empirical orientation in the Planimat, care must be taken to ensure. 
a) that y is always set at points 3 and 4 (ground carriage in front position, facing the operator), 
and 
b) that the w-overcorrection factor Kw is different from that of instruments having the camera 
Cardan in the perspective center; particularly, at a focal length of 12^" (305 mm), it is only half as 
big as in conventional equipment. 
Fig. I1 shows the values of Ko as a function of focal length and projection distance. The figures 
corresponding to conventional equipment (e = 0; a — —f) have been included in Table 2. The 
values of bz and by represent the settings required in steps 6 and 7 of Methods 2 and 3 listed in Table 
1. For further details regarding the overcorrection factor in different positions of the camera Cardan 
joints, reference is made to [4] and there above all to the formulas (8), (9) and (10). The location ofthe 
  
  
  
  
Table 2 
| Ko Ko | bzforl?o | bzfor1°w | byforl°w | by for 1l°w 
f va v [z—f|e — 4025 |e — 0 [mm] [mm] | [mm} [mm] 
[mm] [mm] [mm] a = 56.0 a= (le = 4025 ez) e= 402.5 | ez 
| a= 56.0 au. f a="560 | a=—f 
7 
90 92 2.0 90 1.7 1.0 3.9 8.2 0.6 3.1 
153 92 1.7 107 2.0 1.9 4.3 2.7 0.9 4.5 
210 92 1.7 150 | 2.5 3.0 4.3 9-7 1.6 | 6.2 
305 92 1.5 165 | 8.9 6.0 4.6 2.4 1.7 | 8.0 
  
  
201