placed by nature can be overcome by making full use of 
advanced technology which the geodetic and photogrammetric 
engineers today have at their disposal. Difficult areas can 
be mapped in a relatively short period of time and at a 
reasonable cost. 
We have access to a number of sophisticated prensonenta- a 
tion and methods which can do the job. However, good engineer- 
ing judgment must be exercised in choosing the instrumentation 
and techniques for a specific project, so that the resulting 
ground control, aerial photographs and topographical maps will 
meet the needs of the particular region and that the total pro- 
gram is accomplished within a reasonable budget. 
The developing countries do not generally have 
sufficient financial and manpower resources to embark on a e o 
massive survey and mapping program of their territories. They 
are helped in this task by the well-to-do nations. Canada, 
through External Aid programs, has helped many countries in 
Africa, Asia and, recently, South America, to map their resources. 
These projects are financed by funds provided by the Canadian 
government and are carried out by Canadian photogrammetric 
companies. This paper deals with the planning and execution 
of such projects.