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ITALY 
GENERAL DIRECTION OF CADASTRAL SURVEY AND OF THE TECHNICAL SERVICES 
OF FINANCE DEPARTMENT 
Republic of S. Marino Air Photogrammetric Survey for Cadastral 
Purposes 
Communication of Dr. Eng. P. BELFIORE 
Chief Engineer of the Italian Cadastral Survey 
The Republic of San Marino is the oldest of European free States. Esta- 
blished 1651 years ago, its territory is overlooked by Mount Titano (738 mts) 
and completely surrounded by the Italian territory at the latitude of 43° 51’, 
23 Kmts West of the town of Rimini and the Adriatic Sea. 
Always at the head of human progress for civil developments, the San Ma- 
rino Government decided the renewal of its Cadastral map, which was 120 
years'old according to the most up-to-date method for aerial survey, and entrusted 
the works to the Florence Firm E.LR.A. 
The Survey was carried out by using the Galileo-Santoni Mod. III aerial 
camera, and the high accuracy Galileo-Santoni Mod. III plotting apparatus. The 
geometrical survey operations were started in 1950 and completed in 1952. 
Technical supervision was supplied by officials of the Italian Cadastral service, 
who also carried out accuracy and detail effective representation tests, with quite 
satisfactory results. 
San Marino territory is steep owing to the slope of Mount Titano declivity 
and to wide zones of argillous soil which present deep erosions. The flight was 
effected at an average absolute height of about 2.000 mts; 120 stereoscopic pairs 
having an average 60 % overlap in the line of flight, and an average 20 Yo side- 
lap, between adjacent parallel flights, were secured. 
54 triangulated points and 301 plotting control points were determined; 
after plotting operation, maps were completed using tacheometric traverse lines, 
which required a total of 586 stations and about 12.600 detail points. 
The whole territory was plotted on 67 (1.00 x 0.70 mts) map sheets; 58 were 
drawn in the scale of 1 : 2.000, provided with 2 mt. contour lines interval; the 
main town of San Marino and the villages of Borgomaggiore, Serravalle, Fioren- 
tino, Dogana, Faetano, Montegiardino, Chiesanuova, etc., were plotted on 9 map.