26 HISTORY OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY IN THE UNITED STATES
In 1937 the graphic radial line plot was
replaced by the slotted templet method
and from this period on, five-lens aerial
photography was almost entirely super-
seded by wide-angle vertical photography.
Contours were plotted by means of simple
plotting instruments of the stereocompara-
graph type and, with the advent of stereo-
scopic plotting, specifications for aerial
photography were considerably strength-
ened.
In 1940 the U. S. Navy Hydrographic
published the ''Manual of Aerial Photo-
grammetry,”! in order to consolidate the
experience of the past decade and provide a
practical guide for the working photo-
grammetrist.
World War II emphasized the Navy's
need for topographic data and to meet this
need the Hydrographic Office acquired a
number of KEK Plotters. In response to
continuing requirements for more detailed
and extensive topographic information,
the Hydrographic Office acquired Multi-
plex equipment in 1946. Again, as a means
of consolidating past experience, the
Hydrographic Office published in 1947 the
“Manual of Coastal Delineation from
Aerial Photographs,"? this is a working
guide to the delineation of coastal and
offshore features in various parts of the
world.
Today the Hydrographic Office has a
well-rounded Photogrammetry Branch
with the experience and precision equip-
ment necessary to fulfill the complex re-
quirements of Navy charting. With the
area of its responsibility limited only by
the extent of the globe, the Office has found
it wise to retain much of the old together
with the new. Thus, side by side with the
Stereoplanigraph, Kelsh, and Multiplex
can be found slotted templets, vertical
projectors and trimetrogon gear. This com-
bination of past and present methods has
enabled the Hydrographic Office to meet
the growing needs of the U. S. Navy and
Merchant Marine.
REFERENCES
1. McCurdy, P. G., “Manual of Aerial Photo-
grammetry," H. O. Pub. No. 591; Hydro-
graphic Office, U. S. Navy, 1940.
2. McCurdy, P. G., "Manual of Coastal De-
lineation from Aerial Photographs," H. O.
Pub. No. 592; Hydrographic Office, U. S.
Navy, 1947.
3. Haynie, J. M., "Aerial Photographs for
Hydrographic Surveys," Hydrographic Of-
fice, U. S. Navy Dept. 1940.
U. S. NAvAL PunorTocRAPHIC INTERPRETATION CENTER
The U. S. Naval Photographic Interpre-
tation Center began in 1942 as a training
center for photo-interpretation officers.
Photogrammetry training was added in
1944 and included the preparation and re-
vision of maps from vertical and oblique
photography. After 1946, photogrammet-
ric courses were expanded to include the
making of large and small scale topo-
graphic and planimetric maps, controlled
mosaics and related work such as astro-
nomic control, extension of control, photo-
grammetric optics, camera calibration,
electronics and studies of map projections.
The Center has trained over 200 people in
the post-war period.
Photographic Interpretation Center has
a photogrammetry department wherein
the activity is original research, particu-
larly in the field of photogrammetric
geometry and problems applicable to the
gathering of photographic intelligence.
Much of its work has been in the non-
topographic aspects of photogrammetry.
Many of the department’s valuable Tech-
nical Reports are listed in the ‘‘Ready
Reference List" pages 858-859, of the new
MANUAL or PHOTOGRAPHY, 1952 Edition.
NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS
At the close of World War I, the Air
Corps submitted some 15 or 20 German
airplane camera objectives to the National
Bureau of Standards for study. Measure-
ments of the different geometrical aberra-
tions at that time were made visually on
an optical bench.! Additional lenses were
received from the Air Corps from time to
time and routine tests developed. Special
attention was given to the precise measure-
ment of distortion.
The precise measurements of distortion
made at the National Bureau of Standards
were of great interest to American photo-
— RA e eH f c
—— — IAS A M emm A AM MÀ RA eed Ag
