42 HISTORY OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY IN THE UNITED STATES
Camera Transit
Designed for terrestrial photogram-
metry, this instrument is a special plate
camera combined with a Type 5078-E
Keuffel and Esser surveyor's transit. The
camera is mounted on the compass box
between the standards in the position
normally occupied by the telescope. The
telescope is mounted on top of the camera
and its optical axis is parallel with, the
optical axis of the camera. In the focal
plane of the camera are fiducial marks to
locate the principal point of the photo-
graph within the specified accuracy. A
level bubble is photographed on each
negative along with a counter number,
station number, and focal length.
F-51 Photogrammeiric Camera
The camera consists of a lens cone and
integral roll film magazine which is not
interchangeable with other magazines.
The complete camera driving mechanism
for winding and tripping the shutter and
advancing fresh film is contained in the
magazine itself. The camera was designed
for fully-automatic or simple hand opera-
tion. This was the first Fairchild camera
specifically designed for precision map-
ping.
T-5 Aerial Camera
This is a precision instrument designed
for taking vertical aerial photographs for
precise stereoscopic topographic mapping
by photogrammetric methods. A rigid fixed
relationship is maintained between the
lens and focal plane frame, and it is
equipped with a specially selected metro-
gon lens. Fiducial marks located in the
focal plane frame indicate the location of
the principal point within a very small
tolerance. In addition, the camera has as
internal parts a viewfinder, exposure
meter, and intervalometer; and has pro-
vision for recording a clock, altimeter,
counter, level bubble, and data card on
the negative between frames at the instant
of exposure. The camera may be connected
to an external intervalometer if desired, or
it may be hand operated. It accommodates
interchangeable roll film magazines which
may be loaded with 200 feet of 91” film,
or enough for 225 exposures. The negative
is held flat against a cross-grooved focal
plane during exposure by a vacuum.
Cartographic Camera
The Fairchild Cartographic Camera is
an automatic camera designed for use in
making series of aerial photographs for
mapping and charting purposes. The
camera is furnished complete with Type-
230 Roll Film Magazine which produces
9X9 inch negatives. Three models are
available: The F-223 has a f:6.3 lens of
1 inch focal length; the F-224 has a f:6.3
lens of 6 inch focal length; and the F-225
has a f:6.8 lens of 8} inch focal length.
The lenses are equipped with filters.
Shutter speeds on Models F-223 & F-224
are 1/100, 1/200, 1/300; while the F-225
is 1/50, 1/100, 1/200. The Cartographic
Camera requires certain accessories for
convenience and efficiency of operation.
These include a Model F-231 Vertical
Camera Mount, a Model F-228 Inter-
valometer, and a Model F-229 Vertical
Viewfinder.
T-11 Aircraft Mapping Camera
This camera was developed for making
9X9 inch precise vertical aerial photo-
graphs for topographic maps with perti-
nent data recorded on each exposure. The
camera consists of a camera body and a
magazine. The magazine is interchange-
able with any T-11 camera body. It has a
390 foot capacity and the supply side is
separated from the take-up side by a light-
tight compartment for daylight film load-
ing. The vacuum plate is rigidly designed
for stability and maintenance of the closely
machined flatness tolerance. The ports on
the film surface of the vacuum plate have
been designed to take advantage of all
available vacuum for good film flatness
in the focal plane. The inner cone is of
one-piece construction—possible because
of the Rapidyne shutter. The top surface
of the cone is in the same plane with the
fiducial markers and calibrated focal length
markers. The data recording fiducial and
calibrated focal length markers are illu-
minated by artificial light. Data recorded
on each exposure: Altimeter, data card,
time, exposure counter, camera serial
number, calibrated focal length, lens serial
number, fiducial markers, calibrated focal
length markers and direction of film move-
ment. The shutter is between-lens Rapi-
dyne type. It has a speed range never be-
fore obtained in this type of camera. The
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