In many cases there 
s for example those 
etimes the feature is 
easuring tools. The 
times and without 
iblished at any time 
; to measure within 
f material. 
reciate having single 
s passed. 
opic pictures of the 
ike detailed studies, 
bout which we now 
ome transitory state 
e of this destruction 
»werful tool, not to 
onstruction. To my 
iny other important 
> work of this Com- 
measuring methods. 
the measuring tech- 
are several sciences 
nce itself. Here too 
indicates that today 
h as is be expected 
ns for this situation 
t photogrammetrists 
non-topographic are 
photogrammetry is 
etrists. Also among 
knowledge about or 
photogrammetry. 
. The manufacturers 
uided to make new 
cooperation between 
y the use of photo- 
anded to non-topo- 
to the development 
ere are countless big 
the gains to be ex- 
n commission V we 
ic photogrammetry. 
(499) 
I greatly appreciate the collaboration of the authors and hope that there will be 
many interesting discussions. 
Full cooperation of all will be required to keep the time schedule indicated. 
Due to some unfortunate circumstances beyond our control the exhibit of 
the commission V is much smaller than was expected but it is hoped that from 
what is showed some of the possibilities of non-topographic photogrammetry 
may be clear. 
The report of commision V is written in English. The original reports from 
the different countries are however reproduced in some hundreds of copies and 
are available for those who want to study them in detail in the original language. 
Copies may be obtained from Dr. Fagerholm, Secretary of the commission. 
And now without further delay I would like to present our first speaker. 
ROENTGEN-PHOTOGRAMMETRY IN GERMANY 
by 
Professor Kóhnle. 
In Germany, stereo-roentgenograms were produced immediately after the 
discovery of the x-rays, and theoretical principles and their practical applica- 
tion were established within two decades, the work of Pulfrich, Lambertz, Drü- 
ner, Trendelenburg, Hasselwander and Max Cohn deserving special mention. 
From the beginning German scientific workers emphasized the importance 
of roentgen-photogrammetry which was developed in close connection with a 
special commission of the German Society of Photogrammetry. 
Thus, in addition to the subjective clinical interpretation, a more scientific 
roentgen-photogrammetry for research purposes was evolved. 
Employing the measurable stereo-roentgenogram Hasselwander demon- 
strated an anatomy of the living body, the x-ray being his instrument as the 
scalpel is that of the dissector. Methodically, Hasselwander worked in several 
fields but always following his central idea which, as the author — his pupil — 
felt, was not to view the different organs separately but to look at them in their 
connection with the whole organism. 
The measurable roentgenogram of the whole body opens up new fields of 
research: the proportions of the human body become measurable under a new 
aspect, the inner secretion, its influence and effects can be stated graphically, 
statics and mechanics and the form as the visible expression of the function are 
made intelligible. This is the main principle underlying the development of 
roentgen-photogrammetry in Germany. 
The application of the stereo-roentgenogram for practical purposes was 
made difficult not only by the high cost of equipment and material. There was 
also hardly any good and not too expensive auto-stereoscopic equipment on the 
market. Since screening has come to be generally employed, roentgen-stereo- 
grams may be produced that way. 
Decisive factors are sharpness of the apparatus recording the stereoscopic 
pairs automatically — (new construction of Koch und Sterzel, Diisseldorf) — 
and a viewing device permitting roentgen-photogrammetry if so desired. Good 
results can be obtained by using the *Stereopantometer" (Zeiss).