COMMISSION I 
Photography and Navigation 
Reporter: P.D. CARMAN, National Research Council m 
  
Major changes in the last four years have been the establishment of a Canadian Centre for Remote Sensing 
and the extensive use of a Lear Jet for mapping photography. 
Procedures 
Contract arrangements have been modified by a number of governmental users, both federal and provincial 
to put priorities and the assignment of aircraft under the control of the purchaser of the photography. Such 
arrangements cover "stand-by' costs, thus relieving the photographic company of much of the gamble associated 
with weather conditions (1). 
' The Ontario Ministry of Transportation and Communications have found it advantageous to specify a crew 
of three, pilot, navigator and camera operator instead of the usual two, for aircraft on their work which is often 
at low altitude. 
The Interdepartmental Committee on Air Surveys has made extensive use of a Lear Jet 24 on " stand- by" 
charter in 1970, "71 and '72, Operating at 30, 000 to 45, 000 feet and cruising at about 450 knots, it is able to do 
up to 2, 000 line miles of photography per day and to follow good photographic weather across Canada, This 
program, covering about 35,000 line miles per year, has reduced the line-mile cost in northern areas of Canada 
from about $30 to about $11. 
Aircraft 
Private survey companies continue to use chiefly small aircraft with single or twin engines with pistons. 
However, their use of jet aircraft is increasing, principally the Lear Jet, 
The Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources uses the de Havilland Turbo-Beaver or (turbo-prop) Twin 
Otter. 
The recently established Canadian Centre for Remote Sensing uses two C47 (Dakota) aircraft, a CF 100 
jet and a Falcon fan-jet. 
Cameras 
For cameras of 23 x 23 cm format the commonest focal length is still 153 mm but use of other focal lengths q m 
is increasing considerably, Quantities in use are approximately as follows: 
Focal length (cm) 8.5 8.8 15 30 60 
Number in 1968 0 3 35 0 0 
Number in 1972 3 8 40 2 1 
New camera types of 23 cm format introduced into Canada since 1968 are the Wild RC 10, UAg SAGII and 
UAglI, the Zeiss RMKA2 15/23, the Jena Instruments MRB 15/2323, and the Galileo Santoni Model 6, 
Cameras accommodating 70 mm film are being used inereasingly both for photo interpretation and for 
specialized photogrammetry. Types used are Vinten, Hasselblad and Linhof, 
Cameras with 35 mm film are also used, The Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources use the Nikon F250 
Motor Drive camera singly and in groups of up to four with focal lengths from 7.5 to 85 mm and a variety of 
filters for supplementary multipurpose aerial reconnaissance (2, 3, 4, 5). 
Other Sensors 
The Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources is using the "Infrared Firemapper' by Computing Devices 
of Canada, 
The Canadian Centre for Remote Sensing (10) use the following sensors in addition to cameras: 
Barnes PRT 5 Radiometer HRB Singer Reconofax IV Line Scanner 
Barnes PRT 6 Radiometer Texas Instrument R514 Line Scanner 
Ryan Type 703 Radiometer Daedalus Line Scanner 
Ryan Type 720 Scallerometer 
Navigation and Positioning Aids 
Terra Surveys Limited use Doppler navigation and use the Motorola RPS system interfaced with a com- 
puter to register flight path co-ordinates on magnetic tape. Also used are Aerodist for exposure station 
co-ordinates, Airborne Profile Recorder, statoscope and horizon camera,