2.2 
ant 
rcm- 
3.5 
o. e 
Je 
errors in the photograms were chosen to be d = 100 um to 
allow an easy conversion of the results to other magnitudes 
of deformation. 
THE EFFECTS OF SYSTEMATIC IMAGE ERRORS IN THE PROCESS OF 
AERIAL TRIANGULATION 
  
The Synthetic data: 
  
What now are the effects of the selected basic types of image 
deformation in the process of aerial triangulation? This 
question was answered by Kubik (1971) and Clerici (1972),who 
studied synthetic strips and blocks of wide angle photography 
up to a blocksize of 9 strips each with 18 models. The terrain 
covered by the blocks was assumed to be horizontal. 
The error magnitudes: 
  
After the various stages of aerial triangulation - model- and 
stripformation, stripadjustment, blockadjustment - grid 
coordinates of the minor control points were obtained, The 
differences(e,, e, e,) between these and the true coordinates 
were computed and plotted for all points in the block. Further- 
more the maximum coordinate errors, e and the standard 
max? 
deviation o of the coordinate errors in a block were derived 
(separately for each coordinate direction) according to the 
formulae: e = max fe 
max + À 
0 {5 e dua 
Ni i 
where i stands for the point number, ranging from 1 to the 
total number. of points, N, in the block. in order to eliminate 
the influence of the photoscale in the results, all values 
are expressed in units of 1| um at the photoscale. 
Error effects after model- and stripformation: 
  
The photogrammetric strips were computed using the cantilever 
strip triangulation method of van den Hout (1966). Other 
methods of strip formation have not yet been investigated 
so far. The deformations of the individual models and of the