engineering specialists and between potential users and instrument 
manufacturers. One detrimental influence which is not often mentioned 
is the lack of a comprehensive review of previous work in the area of 
biomedical stereophotogrammetry. Difficulties in tracking down 
pertinent studies scattered widely over the international biomedical and 
engineering literature have led to unnecessary repetition, considerable 
wastage of time, talent and energy and painfully slow progress in 
systematizing the field. 
The present review scans a wide range of accomplishments over the 
years, centuries in fact, leading up to the most exciting period in the 
history of the subject. Today, the promise of biomedical 
stereophotogrammetry and "biostereometrics" is vast and the potential 
opened up by recent developmenis in photogrammetric instrumentation 
coupled with advances in computer technology has opened up lines of 
inquiry which will occupy serious investigators for a very long time. 
Hopefully, the resulting collection will provide a convenient starting 
point for the neophyte and also a sobering reminder to inveterate 
researchers and others that the shoulders we stand on are unusually 
broad. 
Plan of the Review — The review begins with 2 brief outline of the 
early history, followed by a note on previous reviews and general articles 
on biomedical stereophotogrammetry. The sub-headings dre not based on 
biomedical fields because of the con:iderable overlap between disciplines 
and sub-disciplines; instead, the bulk of the subject matter has been 
organized according to the body part under investigation, the type of 
instrument or the spectral range used: 
1. Beginnings of biomedical stereophotogrammetry 
2. Previous reviews and general articles 
3. Stereophotogrammetric measurement of body form 
3.1 Gross body form 
3.2 Head, teeth and jaw 
3.3 Eye 
3.4 Trunk and limbs 
3.5 Microanatomy 
4. Four dimensional——growth, movement, respiration 
5. Other forms of stereometric imagery 
5.1 X-rays 
5.2 Ultrasonic, Infra-red and other forms of stereometric 
imagery 
5.3 Holographic interferometry, Moiré¢ fringe and 
Lichtschnitteverfahren 
6. Close-range stereometric cameras 
Conclusion