ielped him design better artificial limbs for amputees maimed during the 
American Civil War. 
About the same time, the French physician G. B. A. Duchenne 
(1806-1875) of Boulogne made measurements from photographs of his 
deformed patients and during the 1880's extensive 
stereophotogrammetric studies were performed by Etienne Marey 
(1830-1904) and co-workers in Paris and by Eadweard Muybridge 
(1830-1904) in the United States. 
Brook Taylor (1685-1731), Lambert (1728-1777) and others made 
important contributions to the geometry of perspective imag 
he eighteenth century, but it was not until 1839 that Francois Arago 
786-1853) and Louis Joseph Gay-Lussac (1778-1850) pointed out the 
possibility of producing photographic maps. The practical beginnings of 
ologrammetry, in which stereophotogrammetry plays such a 
lay, are usually credited to the French officer Aime 
19-1907) who succeeded in makin satisfactory stereopairs 
a 
ravels in the early 1850s. In 1859, he constructed the first 
es during 
2 
  
during his 
topographic camera, the phototheodolite, and five years later he 
completed a photographic map of Grenoble. About the same time, the 
German, Albrecht Meydenbauer (1834- 921), risked his life to make 
nieasurements on the cathedral at Wetzlar which prompted him to 
consider the use of stereophotogrammetry to enhance his. longevity ——an 
auspicious thought since he established the Roya! Prussian Institute for 
ve 
Photographic Surveys in Berlin some twenty-five years later. 
Notwithstanding these substantial beginnings, photogrammetry 
"proper" is considered of more recent vintage, dating from around the 
turn of the century when Jordan, Stolze, Finsterwalder, Sterm, Hauck, 
Reed, Deville, Fourcade, Porro, Koppe, Pulfrich, von Orel, and 
Scheimpflug, among others, developed the theoretical foundations and 
instrumental concepts which opened the modern era of 
photogrammetry. Those interested in obtaining more details about the 
underlying concepts and methods of photogrammetry will find useful 
information in a variety of general texts, e.g. Zeller (1952), Schwidefsky 
(1959), Hallert (1960), Moffett (1967) and the American Society of 
Photogrammetrv Manual of Photogrammetry (1966), to mention a few, 
and the various national journals such as Bildmessung and 
Luftbildwesen, Bulletin de la Société Française de Photogrammétrie, 
Photogrammetrie (Belgium), Fotogrammetrie (Netherlands), Bollettino di 
Geodesia e Scienze A ffini, International Archives of Photogrammetry, 
Geodezia i C rtografia, Photogrammetria, Photogrammetric Engineering, 
The Photogrammetric Record, Schweizerische Zeitschrift für 
Vermessung, Kulturtechnik, Photogrammetrie, Swiss Journal of 
Photogrammetry, and Journal Japan Society of Photogrammetry,