35. Schneider, S. 
Germany (F.R.G.) 
ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL FROM AIRBORNE AND SPACE VEHICLES 
The rapidly growing deterioration of the quality of our natural environment is threatening the whole of 
mankind and demands a continuous and overall control of the natural environment. The reasons for the 
immediate interest in this problem must be searched for in the large increase of environmental pollution during 
the past twenty years. Mankind became aware and was frightened by water pollution, by oil slicks, by 
poisonous industrial and motor waste gases as well as by poisoned vegetable and animal food and by the 
dust-avalanche. 
We are seeking interrelationships and limits of the natural capacity. The remote sensing techniques supply an 
overview over large areas, an insight into areas not passable and a transparency of shallow waters, upper soil 
layers or smoke. Experiences in using multispectral photography, infrared imagery and radio-metric 
measurements, as well as studies with spectrometer and side-looking radar for environment control, are 
reported by examples of several European countries. The studies are concentrated especially on the problem 
of water pollution with regard to decreasing water resources. 
36. Takahashi, H. and Nishio, M. 
Japan 
STUDY ON AERIAL PHOTOGRAMMETRIC METHODS OF INVESTIGATION 
OF EARTHQUAKE DISASTER 
During big earthquakes all kinds of disasters happen on a large scale and/or in a wide area. The appearances 
of damaged ground can be fixed in a short time by aerial photography, independently of the difficulties from 
ground conditions and we can rapidly analyse the aerial photographs and interpret happenings of the 
earthquake. Therefore, aerial photography is a suitable method for investigation of earthquake disasters. 
By aerial photography an outline of earthquake disaster can be obtained and many kinds of happenings caused 
by earthquakes can be measured or drawn by easy methods or precise plotting instruments. In the case of 
Niigata Earthquake the reporters were able to interpret and delineate the outline of disasters in Niigata City 
rapidly, and measurements were done for some phenomena such as velocity of river flow, heights of cracks, 
etc. By means of precise plotting instruments an exact map of crack sets was made, and the inclinations of many 
reinforced concrete buildings inclined by the earthquake were measured and drawn on an aerial photomap 
which was prepared by the mosaic method. 
37.  Trollinger, W.V. 
United States 
THE ROLE OF COLOUR PHOTOGRAPHY IN 
NATURAL RESOURCES EXPLORATION 
A new era for geological exploration is emerging. For this there are two basic reasons: 
J. Our exploration methods of the past are simply inadequate to meet the demands of a burgeoning world 
population with its unprecedented and accelerated appetite for mineral petroleum resources. 
2. The space age is bringing with it new technology that holds great promise for revolutionizing our 
exploration techniques of yesterday. Some of the newer color aerial films are a significant part of this 
newer technology. 
The greatest hope for meeting the challenge of the future is an ‘Integrated exploration concept’ utilizing a 
varied range of remote sensing devices for broad-scale regional exploration programs. What is the role of 
photogeology, using color photography, in these new exploration programs? Fundamentally, photogeology 
provides a regional and comprehensive geologic map in which rock type, structure and geomorphology are 
fully developed. These maps provide regional background against which other sensor-derived imagery can be 
compared and interpreted. 
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