The direction in which the Chairman feels the Working Group should proceed for the next four years is 
outlined. 
33. Makarovic, B. 
Netherlands 
APPLICATION OF AUTOMATED EQUIPMENT IN PHOTOGRAMMETRY 
The objective of this paper, which is a contribution to the ISP Working Group II/3, has been to delineate the 
areas of higher priority for automation in photogrammetric restitution. For this purpose the known 
pRotogrammetric procedures have been surveyed and classified, and the corresponding equipment reviewed. 
The evaluation of priority has been based on the frequency with which the different operations occur in 
classifications, and on some pragmatic consideration. An iterative procedure was used to arrive at the priority 
list. This was done because of the inter-active effects between the following pairs of factors: technological state 
of the art and operational procedures; applications and availability of equipment; classification and priority 
estimates. 
Suitable criteria for ranking priority may be the cost-benefit ratios, as a measure of values, and the 
technological feasibility. Priority is rather sensitive to changes in values. 
When disregarding the usual off-line applications of digital computers the priority list may be as follows: 
On-line computers (digital, analogue), digitizing equipment, automatic tracking devices, image scanning and 
sensing systems, image correlators, output servos, digital recording units, coordinatographs, photographic 
printers; systems for pattern recognition, converters for semantic information, detectors of changes from 
photographs, systems for updating maps, systems for generalizing maps, and systems for editing maps. 
34.  Makarovic, B. 
Netherlands 
RECENT INSTRUMENT DEVELOPMENT IN EUROPE AND ASIA 
In the period 1968-72 the accent in development of photogrammetric instrumentation has been placed on 
optimisation of the existing equipment and its extensions with regard to attachments and peripheral units. 
Attention has been paid to the establishment of instrumental systems with inherently balanced and externally 
compatible components, covering a wide range of application. 
Human engineering characteristics have been further improved. 
The development of high performing reliable digitizing equipment with corresponding output units, and of 
orthophoto printing and associated attachments has played a dominant role. The trend of linking photogram- 
metric restitution instruments with digital computers, eigher off-line or on-line, has been strengthened. 
By implementing equipment for semi or fully automatic digitizing of models, the human's interpretive and 
control functions have been reduced. In order to extend flexibility and to improve performance, the 
manufacturers tend to develop, for their digital equipment components, the corresponding software. 
Considerable instrumental development has emerged also in the area of short range photogrammetry. In this 
area the need for special equipment is increasing. Somewhat isolated, but, nevertheless important, has been 
further development of instruments for small scale plotting based on approximate solutions. 
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