conditions for different control distributions. 
Under the condition that certain rules of control 
point configuraton are adhered to, a new formula 
for the prediction of errors is presented here. 
Author: Mr. M. Ali (Canada) 
Title: Aerial Triangulation with SKYLAB 
Photography PP 111/03 : 
A research program had been carried out to utilize 
the SKYLAB photography for aerial triangulation 
purposes. An efficient algorithm had been devel- 
oped and had been tested to adjust simultaneous- 
ly the photogrammetric measurements and the 
coordinates of the ground control points. As an 
example, using one SKYLAB model, covering an 
area of 165x100 sqkm, and seven ground control 
points whose coordinates were known to the 
nearest 500 m, it had been possible to obtain 
RMS errors of 67 m in planimetry and 136 m in 
height respectively. 
Authors: Dr. |. Katzarsky (Bulgaria) 
Dr. D. Antonov (Bulgaria) 
Title: A Program for Semi-Analytical Aerial 
Triangulation PP 111/29 
A program for semi-analytical strip aerial trian- 
gulation by independent models is developed. It 
incorporates: perspective center determination, 
strip formation, absolute orientation and adjust- 
ment. Strip adjustment is done by second-degree 
polynomical interpolation separately for each 
coordinate axis. Except ground coordinates of 
new determined points, the output information 
alco contains data for the accuracy and for rejec- 
tion of gross errors, as well as other intermediate 
information. 
Author: Mr. J. Blais (Canada) 
Title: SPACE-M — Spatial Photogram- 
metric Adjustment for Control Ex- 
tensions Using Independent Models 
PP 111/14 
The computer program SPACE-M has been de- 
signed to adjust large blocks of independent 
stereoscopic models with very few restrictions 
about the position and density of ground control 
points, and with the flexibility of using auxiliary 
control information such as lake surfaces as 
levelling constraints. 
Author: Colonel P. Datta (India) 
Title: A Generalised Mathematical Model 
for Photogrammetric Adjustment 
and Interpolation PP 111/16 
Problems of digital and computational photo- 
grammetry are here looked upon as problems of 
mathematical interpolation involving two steps. 
First, the parameters of a transformation of one 
vectorspace into another are worked out with 
corresponding samples from the two vector- 
spaces. Secondly, using these calculated para- 
meters, the same transformation model is used 
to find the coordinate vector in one vectorspace 
corresponding to known coordinate vectors in 
the other. 
Author: Dr. W. Férstner (F.R.G.) 
Title: Statistical Test Methods for Blunder 
Detection in Planimetric Block Trian- 
gulation PP 111/22 
In this paper the detection of gross errors with 
100 
the help of Baarda’s Data Snooping Test are 
discussed. A. presentation of the versatility of 
error detection is given. 
Authors: Mr. C. van den Hout (Netherlands) 
Dr. P. Stefanovic (Netherlands) 
Title: Efficient Analytical Relative Orien- 
tation PP 111/126 
This paper describes a new analytical relative 
orientation procedure. Compared with known 
methods, it requires less mathematical work in 
the initial computations and converges about 
three times more quickly. 
Author: Mr. R. Larsson (Sweden) 
Title: System of Independent Conditions 
for Bundle Adjustments PP 111/34 
Here equations are developed that make it pos- 
sible to prepare bundle adjustment programs for 
smaller computers. 
Author: Dr. M. Leupin (Canada) 
Title: Optimisation of Photogrammetric 
Point Determination PP 111/37 
The optimisation of photogrammetric point de- 
termination is possible, if the costs and time 
consumption of point transfer and of the geo- 
detical determination of additional control points 
are known. 
Author: Mr. M. Molenaar (Netherlands) 
Title: Error Detection in Planimetric Block 
Adjustment PP 111/41 
As did the paper by Dr. Fórstner, this paper 
deals with the detection of gross errors with the 
help of Baarda's Data Snooping Test. 
Author: Dr. A. Pérez Salas (Argentina) 
Title: Analytical Aerial Triangulation: Its 
Obtention through a Simple Algo- 
rithm PP 111/45 
Here the mathematical principles of aerial trian- 
gulation are derived anew from a pedagogical 
point of view. 
Authors: Mr. H. Salmenperá (Finland) 
Mr. H. Vehkaperá (Finland) 
Title: The Use of a Minicomputer in Photo- 
grammetric Data Logging and Data 
Processing PP 111/51 
Here observations have been made with a PSK 
comparator supervised by an on-line computer 
HP 2100. The computer is used here both for the 
detection of gross errors and for block adjust- 
ment. 
Next, Mr. D. Brown from the United States started 
the presentation of papers. 
Invited Paper 
Author: Mr. D. Brown (U.S.A.) 
Title: Bundle Adjustment — Progress and 
Prospects IP ////03 
Mr. Brown considered the state of development 
of numerical photogrammetry citing results from 
numerous practical applications as foundations 
for his conclusions. Mr. Brown, an advocate of 
the use of added parameters in analytical block 
adjustment, was convinced that systematic errors 
contributed by the camera platen cause many of 
the discrepancies not before understood in ana-