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In Stockholm multispectral photography has been used for 
early detection of bark beetle infestations of spruce. In 
cooperation with the Department of Physics at the Royal 
Institute of Technology photographic spectroradiometry with 
the help of an automated microdensitometer called IRIS is 
being studied. In cooperation with the Image Processing 
Department of FOA the possibilities of identifying clear- 
cut areas are being studied with the help of digital 
processing of Landsat data. With a telespectroradiometer 
spectral signatures of crops are measured as ground truth 
for Landsat and airborne MSS registrations. The medium scale 
mapping of mountain vegetation has now reached an operational 
‘stage, in which 50 000 km? have been mapped by means of color 
IR 1:50 000 aerial photographs. 
In Uppsala erosion in meandering rivers and on sand beaches 
has been studied with the help of aerial photographs. 
In Lund the usefulness of Landsat imagery for different appli- 
cations, especially land use and water quality has been studied. 
Microclimatic studies using the retroreflection of flash and 
laser light from dew have been performed. 
In Gothenburg the microclimate in built-up areas is being 
studied by means of thermal scanning. At the Royal College 
of Forestry and at the State College for Forest Engineers 
the accuracy of stand data collection and regrowth on 
clear-cut areas is being studied in large scale aerial photo- 
graphs. 
At the Geological Survey of Sweden and at private mining firms 
Landsat imagery has been found to be a valuable tool for 
locating fault areas and other geological features. 
Snow and ice mapping with remote sensing techniques and the 
use of an airborne radiation thermometer for water tempera- 
ture measurements have been studied &t the Swedish Meteoro- 
logical and Hydrological Institute. 
At the Swedish Geotechnical Institute and at the National 
Road Administration, mapping of soils from aerial photographs 
as a base information for urban and road planning has been 
studied. Relations between surface form and thickness of 
clay deposits and between vegetation and soil type have been 
established. At the National Road Administration and at many 
private consulting firms geotechnical photo interpretation 
is used on a routine basis. 
The Zoological Institution of the University of Stockholm 
is the only principal investigator on Landsat 2. Ecological 
parameters in sea surface water such as algae bloom, sea 
surface temperature and the composition and biomass of the 
shore vegetation are being studied also with the help of 
aerial photography and multispectral scanning.