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format from a single Landsat image or a strip mosaic to a quadrangle
or State mosaic (Colvocoresses 1975a, Pilonero 1973). McEwen and
Schoonmaker (1974), describe innovative techniques, including film
mosaicking, which were utilized in the production of a 1:500,000-scale
gridded color image map of Florida and which resulted in improved
geometric accuracy and resolution of the printed map. Landsat gridded
image maps at 1:500,000 scale were also published for Arizona, New
Jersey, and the Upper Chesapeake Bay area. Prototype image maps of
Antarctica at scales from 1:250,000 to 1:1,000,000 have also been
produced from Landsat imagery and have been useful in identifying
and locating such features as glaciers, coast lines, island and
other geographic features. Significant movement and other changes
associated with such features have also been noted on successive
images (MacDonald 1973, Southard and MacDonald 1974).
Experiments carried out by the USGS and others have shown that
Landsat images are useful for delineating areas in need of revision
on large- and small-scale maps and for revision of selected features
such as water bodies on small-scale maps. The National Oceanographic
and Atmospheric Administration has utilized Landsat images successfully
to revise the water features on a 1:500,000 scale sectional aeronautical
chart. The Defense Mapping Agency Aerospace Center is investigating
Landsat applications to aeronautical chart revision at 1:250,000 and
smaller scales. The utility of Landsat imagery for nautical charting
is still under study but experiments carried out to date have shown
definite promise through the water penetration capabilities of MSS
bands 4 and 5. Polcyn (1976), reports that under optimum conditions,
and with auxiliary data, shallow sea bottoms may be mapped to a depth
of 22 m with accuracies within 10 percent of measured values (rms).
Since Landsat data are originally recorded on digital tapes, wide
variety of radiometric enhancement and geometric transformations can
be performed before the image is printed. From the launch of Landsat-1
through mid-1974, NASA produced precision processed images on the UTM
projection. Mikhail and Baker (1973), have reported on the Landsat
transformation problem in some detail. During 1975, four organizations
working under NASA contracts prepared reports relating to this problem
(Goetz and Blackwell 1975, Rifman 1975, Bernstein 1975, and Derouchie
1975). Eliason et al. (1975), described digital techniques for
producing true color images from Landsat tapes. Batson et al. (1975).
demonstrated a technique which correlates digital terrain data with
Landsat data to produce a stereopair which gives a spectacular
presentation of relief. This technique could also be applied to
eliminate relief displacement from the original Landsat imagery if a
digital model of the Earth's topography were available.
Specifications for a third Landsat made by NASA during 1975 include
two visible band RBV cameras of 254 mm focal length to provide twice