"mirrors. In order to photograph the impact crater on the surface of 
a moving metal plate, Smith et al [1972] developed a convergent 
(209) stereo-camera system that was used for both photography and 
for the reconstruction of the optical model. 
At the Biostereometrics '74 Symposium, Hohle [1974] discussed 
the use of standard photogrammetric equipment in biomedical and 
bioengineering research. Among the standard photogrammetric equip- 
ment, the Wild P-30 phototheodolite was used by Loomer & Wolf [1974] 
for measuring surface water velocities, and the Zeiss Fondus Camera 
was used by both Portney [1974] and Falconer [1974] for photograph- 
ing the optic nervehead.: 
Erlandson et al [1974] modified a Wild BC-4 ballistic camera 
and used it in monitoring structural deformations. 
Research on hologrammetry at Purdue University (Mikhail, 1974) 
and the U.S. Army ETL (Leighty, 1975) showed that precision measure- 
ments could be made directly on the three-dimensional virtual image 
of a Fresnel hologram. However, to reduce geometric distortions 
caused by eye movement, the relative orientation of the reference 
and the reconstruction beam should be recovered to within 40.29 and 
the radius of the reconstruction beam must be at least 10° mm or 
larger. Simulation studies have demonstrated the feasibility of 
photogrammetric compilation from a holographic stereomodel, which 
was constructed from a stereomodel formed in a standard stereo- 
plotter (Balasubramanian & Leighty, 1974). 
Laser holography was used in the measurement of tooth displace- 
ment under the influence of external forces (Bowley et al, 1974). 
A procedure and computing method to calibrate the geometry of 
a scanning electron microscope for stereophotogrammetric mapping 
was developed at Ohio State University [Ghosh, 1974, Maune, 1975]. 
Malhotra [1972] developed a novel graphical method for the compilation 
of profile and contours of microcraters on lunar rocks from SEM 
stereomicrographs. 
Baumrind [1975] developed a system for craniofacial mapping 
through the integration of data from stereo X-ray imageries and 
photographs taken by two Exacta IIB cameras. Altschuler et al 
[1974] developed a mathematical technique to non-destructively 
section any object, in any desired orientation, by means of 
computer using ordinary radiographic images. 
Free [1974] used Moire fringes in spinal examinations. 
Der Hovanesian & Tafralian [1974] used Moire techniques for quanti- 
tatively measuring surface deformations of arbitrarily shaped bio- 
medical objects. 
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