S is the symbol used to represent the salinity of the water
in parts per, thousand by weight. The symbol for parts per
thousand is 9 /oo. The salinity of world oceans vary from
approximately 33.8°/oo to 36.2"/oo. The ayerage of this
salinity range is 35. 09/oo. A value of 35 ? /oo is frequently
used to represent the average salinity of world oceans for
the solution of problems. Adding Eq. 8 to Eq. 7 results in
the following equation for the refractive index of sea water
that accommodates a change in wavelength, temperature, and
salinity:
4 -6m2
= 1.3242643.29x10217^-3,2x10717 -2.5x10" T^. «(cont*'d)
(5-2x107^7)(3.98x10^?s) Eq, 9
The data in Table 2 on the absolute refractive index of water
as a function of total pressure, temperature, and wavelength
is extracted from Table 3 of Ref. 3.
Temperature, 1.56°C
Total
pressure,
bars 467,82
Specific volume,
ml/g(old)
Wavelength, nanometers
501.57 387,96
1
269,5
507.4
768.5
1049 ,7
1.33951
1.34734
1.35106
1.35479
1.33772
1.35197
1.34552
1.34923
1.35296
1.33857
1.34212
1.35579
1.34947
1.00004
0.98712
0.97662
0.96577
0.95522
(Waxler, Weir, and Schamp, 1964)
Table 2. Absolute Refractive Index of Fure Water
Total pressure is equal to the water pressure plus the atmos-
pheric pressure (1 bar). Water pressure is also referred to
as gage pressure by Naval operational personnel. Whenever
pressure is presented without further qualification for the
purpose of brevity as in tables that follow, water pressure
is inferred. The various types of water are classified by
the U.S. Navy as pure water (distilled), fresh water (river,
lake, and rain), normal (Copenhagen water or standard sea
water), and sea water (water of the seas). Therefore, water
pressure may be further defined as pure, fresh, normal, or
sea water pressure,
Table 3 lists the conversion of Table 2 data from absolute
to relative refractive index, total pressure in, bars LO
water pressure in decibars, temperature of 1. 569 C to. 0C
and specific volume to density.
