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Finally, in chapter 4 of the paper practical results of block ad- 
justments by bundles and by independent models are presented, 
being based on the self calibration strategy, as suggested here. 
3. THE SUGGESTED STRATEGY 
3.1 The Functional Model 
The implementation of simultaneous self calibration in bundle 
block adjustment or independent model block adjustment consists 
in an extension of the observational equations by the effect of 
suitably chosen additional parameters. The task of these para- 
meters is compensation of the systematic errors of image or model 
coordinates, recognizable from the actually given control points 
and tie points. 
In contrast to the above mentioned programs, which are restricted 
to block invariant correction terms, the functional model, presen- 
ted here, is using several different groups of additional para- 
meters if the systematic deformations vary within the block. The 
operational aspects of this measure will be discussed in chapter 
3.3. 
With the selection of the additional parameters of bundle adjust- 
ment the objective is pursued to compensate all the systematic 
deformations, appearing in 9 image points, Figure 1 shows the 
schematized distribution of the 9 points and the polynomial terms, 
determinable here. 
- Figure 1 - 
For x and y together 18 terms are obtained, but 6 of them are 
compensated by the orientation parameters of the individual 
images. The remaining 12 correction terms, called bi to bio are 
formulated as orthogonal to each other and with respect to the 
6 orientation parameters. Figure 2 shows their contributions to 
the observational equations and their effects on the image points. 
The orthogonality of the additional parameters leads to well 
conditioned normal equations and allows for separate statistical 
checking of the individual correction terms, computed by the 
adjustment (see chapter 3.3). 
- Figure 2 - 
The formulation of the additional parameters according to figure 
2 exceeds the corresponding suggestions of Schut |10| and Gott- 
hardt |13|, although the most dangerous systematic errors arealso 
fully compensated by them. 
The functional model of independent model block adjustment is 
extended correspondingly, Figure 3 shows the schematized photo- 
grammetric model, consisting of 6 points and the polynomial 
terms determinable in this case. 
- Figure 3 - 
The 3.6 = 18 terms, obtained for x, y and z are complemented by 
3 more terms, by which the systematic errors of the perspective 
center coordinates x, y and z are compensated, From the 21 terms 
7 are considered by the spatial similarity transformation, put up 
for every model, Therefore only 14 additional parameters remain.