ACCURACY OF CLOSE-RANGE ANALYTICAL RESTITUTIONS 373 
TABLE B-3. RELATIVE ORIENTATION FOLLOWED 
BY LEAST-SQUARE ADJUSTMENT WITH N CONTROL 
PoinTs. RMS RrsipuaL PARALLAX WHEN 
VARYING NUMBER AND DEFINITION OF 
IMAGE-POINTS. 
  
RMS residual parallax (unit: um) 
  
  
UMK pairs RMK pairs 
np 10161102 106 7107 11 12 
1 80 83 115 68 160 133 
4 2 59 6.9 115 65 14.1 135 
3 54 70 120 116 136 
4 54 6.7 125 65:117 131 
6 1 56 73 61 58 133 13.0 
2 55 74 65 57 145 137 
3 55 — 6.3 58 126 132 
4 53487 60 - 57 134 127 
10 I 54 73 61 358 154 140 
2 54 74 65 57 144 14.0 
3 54. 69 64 55 126 132 
4 53 67 60 55 120 128 
15..1...60...62 58 54 14.1 14.0 
2.535 62 6.11.54. 130 129 
S 53.. 61 61 54 119 127 
4..53 .61 59.54 117. 126 
28 1 55 61 «59g *53 137 142 
2 53 60 58 38550191 131 
3 52 58 57:554 115 129 
4 52 58 5.7 54 115 130 
  
* (23 image-points instead of 28) 
n: number of image-points 
p: number of neighbouring targets per image-point 
For each pair, and each value of n, the values of r, XYZ (Table B-1) have been summarized 
with their mean. Then r, is estimated from 
T7 
i T10 T15 T28 
ne = E LH + + 
0 4 VA 11 11 de 11 11 } 
| pe Vt $6 I+ SF Vit $38 
If the law (Equation B-6) is correct, one should have 
XYZ is 1 + ll 
To 2n 
for the six photo-pairs. The results are given in Table B-4. 
(2) Test B-2 (Relative orientation with 15 image points followed by least-square adjustment 
to n control points) 
In Test B-2, r = 7 (translation, similitude) and m = 3, and Equation B-4 becomes 
z W 
3n " (B-7) 
  
  
  
  
r, XYZ = ] 4 
The results are given in Table B-5. 
(3) Test B-3 (Relative orientation with n image-points and adjustment to the control net 
with 15 control points. 
In Test B-3, r = 5 (parameters of the relative orientation) and m = 1, and Equation B-4 
becomes 
= 5 
Pn = 1 + n Po (B-8) 
where p, is the RMS residual parallax and p, is the minimum parallax. The results are given 
in Table B-6. 
It is interesting to note that, one photo-pair excepted, there is no significant improvement