340 
by any other conventional method for this 
purpose. A series of measurements has been 
developed to accomplish this systematically 
and automatically from the photography to 
the taking of measurements of deformation 
by using a specially designed stereo-camera, 
comparator, computer, and automatic plotter 
at the Bridgestone Tire Co. Ltd. with the 
cooperation of the Sokkisha Co. Ltd., and 
Hosei University. The flowchart for the meas- 
surement operations is shown in Figure 1 and 
stereophotos in Figure 2. The final mean 
square of error measurement was + 0.25mm. 
The coordinate data on the plate taken from 
a SKB-40 stereo-camera, can be transformed 
to the plate coordinates from the fiducial 
mark coordinates; six points on the plate can 
be selected for relative orientation; and abso- 
lute orientation can be done from the control 
points set on the front of the fixed frame. 
The coordinate data calculated by the compu- 
ter can be plotted automatically with the on- 
line system and the result gives the clear in- 
fluence area of the inner stress on the tire. 
MEASUREMENT OF SUBSIDENCE OF THE 
LAUNCHING WAYS AT THE MITSUBISHI DOCK 
In order to measure the subsidence in the 
case of launching a heavyweight tanker, the 
design ofthe launching ways for ships is very 
important. The measurement group or- 
ganized by the Ohbayashi Construction Co. 
Ltd. is divided into four groups. They are the 
divisions for phototheodolite, laser, 35-mm 
movie, and soil pressure (including the meas- 
PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINEERING & REMOTE SENSING, 1976 
urement of strain gauges at several points). 
The division for the P30 phototheodolite has 
a set of five metric cameras which can take a 
series of photos at time intervals of one sec- 
ond. The shooting time of the five cameras 
was synchronized by an oscillograph with the 
launch time of the ship. 
As control points, two special pegs were 
sunk near the centerline of the ship. These 
were separated from the subsidence of the 
launching ways by means of special excava- 
tions. At the same time, two control points 
with paper sensitive to the laser beam for 
measuring the direct subsidence of the 
launching ways were set, and the fixed points 
set the laser theodolite rotating the laser 
beam around the vertical axis. These can be 
recorded automatically on paper at fixed time 
intervals. This record also can be syn- 
chronized to the time of shooting of the 
phototheodolite and the starting time of the 
ship. Accordingly, the resultant data gained 
by analytical short-range photogrammetry 
can be easily checked and compared with the 
data of the laser beam record. 
The division of 35-mm movie cameras took 
a series of stereo-photos from the start of 
launch to the time the ship slid into the sea. 
These stereo movie films were used to 
analyze the behavior of the ship. The data of 
the strain gauges also were used as a check of 
the subsidence at the launching ways. These 
series of measurements were done at the re- 
quest of the Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Co. 
Ltd. 
  
  
  
  
  
  
Paper Tape 
  
Digital Computer 
IBM 370/158 
(512 KB) 
*Correction of Distor- 
tion and Parallax 
*Transformation to 
Absolute Coordinates 
  
  
  
  
  
Input 
Card 
Fic. 1. 
  
      
Digital Output 
Accuracy: + 0.25 MM 
Analog 0/P 
Analytical short-range photogrammetry for measurement of tires.