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Multispectral systems obtain simultaneous coverage of data in several
spectral regions--usually a portion of the ultraviolet, the visible,
and both infrared reflectance and infrared emission regions. The data
are collected on magnetic tape, which makes them amenable to the use
of computer analysis techniques. Extensive research has been performed
in using computer analysis techniques for identifying rock, soils,
vegetation and other terrain features important for landslide investiga-
tions. Fairly good success has been reported in identifying these
various terrain features by computer analysis techniques, however,
identification has been limited just to the features exposed on the
surface. The ability to identify a feature overlain by another feature
on the surface--e.g., identify various soils overlain by vegetative
cover--has achieved very limited success. In conjunction with the
analysis of multispectral data, density slicing, or image enhancing
techniques have been applied in an attempt to isolate critical terrain
features. McKean (6), evaluating color density slices of various film
types achieved some success in enhancing potentially unstable slopes.
Progressive slope failures were indicated on the enhanced images by
anomolous geometric and vegetation patterns. These anomolous patterns
were not identifiable on the original photography; thus, the potentially
unstable slopes would not have been suspected by examination of the
unsliced images alone. More research needs to be done in these areas,
before the results achieved are consistent, repetitive and cost effec-
tive.
Microwave radiometers collect radiometric (temperature varying) data
in the microwave or radar regions. The particular advantage of this
system is that at the longer wavelengths information from subsurface
layers is included in the data. Rib and others (11) have demonstrated
that, under certain conditions, information on subsurface moisture
conditions (i.e., presence of zones of high moisture level) can be
determined by comparative evaluation of photography, nighttime infrared
imagery, and microwave radiometry. These techniques are not described
in detail because at this time either further development is needed or
the systems are too costly in comparison to the level of information
furnished. However, they do offer some future potential for landslide
investigations.
Radar systems offer the unique advantage of rapid coverage of large
areas, the ability to collect data through heavy cloud cover and during
the daytime or nighttime. Radar offers a viable alternative for perform-
ing the small-scale regional landslide analysis, especially in inaccess-
ible areas and areas of fairly continuous cloud cover. They are not as
effective for detailed landslide analysis--compared to medium and
large-scale photography--because of their small scale and poorer
resolution.