they can cope with themselves. 
Monophotogrammetry presents an alternative, and photography has infact 
been employed as an aid in anthropometry since its inception (Tanner and 
Weiner (1949)). In this case diameters are practically the only directly 
measureable quantities, hence body parts are usually regarded as having 
regular geometrical shapes, an approach not alien to stereophotogrammetry. 
Further sources of inaccuracy mainly have to do with central perspective 
limitations: scale differences in body parts not equidistant from the lens or 
underestimation of circular sections. Large object-to-lens distances present 
an obvious alternative. Tanner and Weiner (1949) have thus resorted to photo- 
graphy form a 10m distance (scale -1:75). But very small scales cause reso- 
lution, lighting and enlargement problems. Posing of the subject, it may be 
added, is another crucial factor reported on in detail. It is regarded as 
the main source of error. 
Simple monophotogrammetric methods employing contour-generation techni- 
ques can "compensate" for certain deficiencies of conventional photography. 
One of these contour generating, one image methods is the shadow moiré method 
(Takasaki (1970)) already successfully applied in various medical fields. 
We have made a standard routine procedure of taking moiré photographs of 
patients treated for fatness, and more than 150 female subjects have been 
photographed up to now. Patients are infact very impressed by the straight- 
forward way in which the moiré-fringe pattern displays leg changes. This and 
case documentation are two major uses of these photographs. In addition, to 
quote Tanner and Weiner (1949), "leisurely scrutiny suggests additional ques- 
tions and additional questions direct further measurements", a remark even 
more to the point in the case of images abundant in 3-d information. Since 
taking moiré photographs was already an integral part of the adopted procedu- 
re, the possibility of further exploiting their properties and thus elimina- 
ting the need for direct anthropometric measurements was investigated. 
Material and Method 
  
The moiré geometry parameters and other related questions (e.g. fringe 
order and hence depth estimation) along with matters of photography, develop- 
ment and printing are discussed in Petsa et al. (1982). Suffice it to 
mention here the following: grating to lens distance ~1.2m, mean image scale 
~1:12, successive contour (equi)distance ~5.0mm. 
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