The authors used samples of 32 male and 15 female subjects.and obtained up?
-0.8%, op” +3.0%, p=.98 for males and up=1.5%, op” +2.3%, p=.99 for females.
The results refer to the added volume of both legs from gluteal furrow to
ankle. Katch and Katch (1974), on the other hand, measured the right leg
volume of 70 female subjects and found up7-0.82, 0p=+4.9%, p=.95. In this
case the foot was included and approximated with the wedge formula, the vali-
dity of which was found to be low (p=.70). This was assumed to account part-
ly for the large variance. In both cases, however, no significance was dete-
cted by the authors between direct anthropometry and water displacement.
Table III
Direct Anthropometry-Moiré Differences in Surface Area (A) and Volume (V)
for left (L) and right (R) legs
u o 0 up(%) op(%) rp(%)
A L en 1810.4 +150.0 „993 0.0 13.1 -2.2/+2.5
R 1813.6 +147.5 .991 -0.1 11.1 -2.6/+2.1
V L cn 6595.3 +943.5 . 995 *0.3 t1.6 -3.4/+3.3
R 6611.8 +945.5 .993 -0.2 11.8 -3.5/42.8
Conlcusions
In the course of the present work leg profiles have been approximated
with circles, and Tegs have been partitioned into segments regarded as trun-
cated cones. It is evident that in such cases the question about the accura-
cy of the method is practically inseparable from the question "How accurate
is the man?", to use an expression of Hertzberg et al. (1957). The conclu-
sions inevitably have to do with both questions at the same time.
One first conclusion could be that leg sections can actually be adequate-
ly apporximated with circles, most mean differences being less than 1.0% and
standard deviations within £2.04. Circumferences C4 and C5 are the most pro-
blematic. For Ce, in particular, if very large samples verify the systematic ten-
dency detected a mean correction factor could possibly be used. The differen-
ces for the remaining four profiles are not expected to exceed +5.0%.
The work of other investigators has shown that legs can be approximated
with a succession of truncated cones, i.e. that the results of water-displace-
ment methods do not differ significantly from those of direct anthropometric
techniques, the latter yielding acceptable accuracies (Katch and Katch (1974)).
Moiré measurements differ form direct anthropometry apparently less than the
latter does from water-displacement methods. Infact, individual volume and
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