4. CONCLUSION 
The development of object-oriented GIS is 
increasing; automated processing of complex 
problems, which could not be foreseen before, can 
now be solved by applying new tools very easy to 
use. That is the case of the "constraint" concept, 
allowing to build new classes, the partition 
optimizing the processing. Constraints are 
particularly easy to structure, to program and to 
apply. That is why we consider that "programming 
with constraints" is one of the new basis in GIS 
design and development. 
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