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INNOVATIONS AND IMPROVEMENTS, 
REMARKS TO THE PREVIOUS PARAGRAPHS, 
1. Programmable pocket calculators 
Conventional survey navigation methods like "visual contact 
navigation" or "deduced reckoning navigation" have been assisted 
by navigation disc computers , survey flight slide roles!) 
precalculated graphs, nomograms, etcetera. 
Today, cheap and reliable powerful programmable pocket calculators, 
have become available. They will replace the above mentioned 
analog computing aids gradually and will increase the efficiency 
of conventional navigation methods. 
Example: The TI-59 (Texas Instruments) has a program/data memory 
which allows to solve all survey flight problems easily. 
Programs can be stored on a magnetic card. "Solid State Software 
Modules" are available which contain programdibraries, e.g. the 
module for Aviation containing 23 programs; of these, the following 
are useful for survey navigation: 
1. AV-02, Flight plan with wind calculates heading, ground speed, 
fuel, estimated time of arrival, etc.,for a trip of multiple legs. 
2. AV-05, Atmosphere, Speed, Temperature and Altitude calculates 
true airspeed,density altitude,etc.,from pressure altitude, 
indicated air speed and temperature. 
3. AV-08, The Wind Triangle calculates wind triangle problems. 
4. AV-20, Customized Weight and Balance computes total weight, total 
moment, centre of gravity,for particular aircraft. 
5. AV-21, Pilot Unit Conversions, length,volume, weight, english 
and metric,temperature conversions. 
Programs for Hhumbline- and Great Circle-navigation, and for area 
navigation are also contained in the Aviation library module, 
A printer to print calculated results or alphanumerical symbols 
of words can be adapted. The second author has written two efficient 
programs which are stored on magnetic cards and which can be read into 
the calculator's memory any time? 
  
6) Aristo Aviat no. G17 
7) ITC Survey Flight Slide Rule developed by the first author. 
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