REFIND ORTHO IMAGING AND MODELLING OF RELICS 
USING HIGH RESOLUTION AMATEUR CAMERA 
Hiroshi YOKOYAMA, Hirofumi CHIKATSU 
Tokyo Denki Univ., Dept. of Civil Eng., 
Hatoyama, Saitama, 350-0394 JAPAN 
E-mail: {yokoyama, chikatsu} @g.dendai.ac.jp 
Commission V, WG V/4 
KEY WORDS: Archaeology, Ortho-image, High Resolution, Visualization 
ABSTRACT: 
In order to reduce time and labour for drawing of archeological artifacts, ortho imaging and drawing system was developed by the 
authors. However, there are some issues which need to be resolved before this system may become operational. These problems 
include imaging for shadow areas occurring in hollow areas on complicated relics or faint areas at the top of columnar relics and lack 
of image quality. 
This paper reports refind ortho imaging system using high resolution amateur camera and shows the improved results. 
1. INTRODUCTION 
Many archaeological sites are being excavated every year in 
Japan, and an abundance of relics have been found from those 
sites. These relics have to be drawn by archaeologist for 
archival record taking great time and labour and skill. In order 
to reduce drawing work, the authors have been concentrating 
on developing real time ortho imaging and drawing system 
using CCD camera. 
However, imaging for shadow areas occurring in hollow areas 
on complicated relics or faint areas at the top of columnar 
relics such as shown in Figure 1 are still issues. Chikatsu 
(1998) reported imaging approach for this problem using 
spline interpolation and TIN model. Nevertheless, lack of 
image quality was still issue. 
On the other hand, the number of pixels of amateur cameras are 
amazingly increasing by modern semiconductor and digital 
technology, and functionary for transmission of image to PC is 
standardized. In these circumstances, it is expected that refined 
ortho imaging system using high resolution amateur cameras 
instead of CCD cameras. 
This paper reports development of refined ortho imaging 
system using high resolution amateur cameras. 
2. REFINED ORTHO IMAGING SYSTEM 
Figure 2 shows refined ortho imaging system and Table 1 
shows system components. 
  
Shadow Area 
Faint Area 
Fig.1 Ortho Projection Image with lack of images 
This system consists of one axis actuator and line lasers, high- 
resolution amateur camera and PC. High resolution amateur 
camera (Minolta Dimage7) was used in this investigation 
instead of CCD camera since the Dimage7 have bulb function 
and live broad cast mode. Line images which show only outline 
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