0.15 um (better than 
riate accuracy for an 
ody was imaged in a 
siduals reached only 
nera did not have a 
juently the achieved 
le value under the 
elds residuals at the 
ro-reflective targets). 
surements was upon 
ugh it is noteworthy 
r of XYZ object point 
of 1:100,000 of the 
vorks showed that all 
'ectly in each project, 
lated. Analysis of the 
wed that most targets 
xcclusions or highly 
ets prevented this in 
>d process were very 
iat the data cleansing 
riangulation process 
'ement, especially for 
  
juin, Project 2. 
e computed both on a 
ith 128 MB RAM and 
th 512MB RAM. The 
s, respectively, for the 
jects 1 and 2. The 
he AMD system were 
conds. Details can be 
| times are certainly 
-line VM, and it is 
1 PC technology will 
  
dle Overall 
ent Process 
7.3 
14.3 
12.1 
29.9 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
7. CONCLUDING REMARKS 
The automated image measurement and  multi-stage 
photogrammetric triangulation process developed for Australis 
has proved both robust and computationally efficient. Not 
surprisingly, optimal reliability, speed and accuracy are 
typically attained with ‘high-quality’ images of retro-reflective 
targets. The results obtained with ‘low-quality’ images are, 
nevertheless, also reasonably robust, showing that automated 
processes have potential in situations where lower contrast, non 
retro-reflective targets are employed, and where the image 
scanning process identifies a higher than desirable number of 
candidate targets which turn out to be invalid data. 
8. REFERENCES 
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Machine Vision, Whittles, Scotland, 371 pages. 
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Furnee, E.H., Jobbagy, A., Sabel, J.C., van Veenendaal, H.L.J, 
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movement measurement with grey-scale coordinate extraction 
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Fraser, C.S. & Shao, J., 1997. An Image Mensuration Strategy 
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Fraser, C.S. & Edmundson, K.L., 2000. Design and 
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Line Digital Close-Range Photogrammetry. ISPRS Journal of 
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Geodetic Services, Inc., 2002. Company website, accessed May: 
www.geodetic.com. : 
Gonzalez, R.C. & Woods, RE., 1992. Digital Image 
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Luhmann, T., 2000. Nahbereichsphotogrammetrie, Grundlagen, 
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Otepka, J., 2001. Algorithms and their Implementation in an 
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Sabel, fe 1999. Calibration and 3D Reconstruction for Multi 
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