S-TRANSFORMATION FROM A SEVEN-PARAMETER MIXED S-BASE TO A 
SEVEN-PARAMETER COORDINATE S-BASE 
* 
Ir. Robert J.G.A. Kroon 
Geodelta Engineering Services 
Delft, The Netherlands 
ABSTRACT 
The Delft approach for the design, adjustment and testing of networks uses an 
explicitly chosen S-base. This paper deals with  three-dimensional S- 
transformations. A derivation of S-transformations is given followed by a 
suggestion on how to use S-transformations in photogrammetry. 
1. INTRODUCTION 
A geodetic/photogrammetric network may involve different types of observations: 
These are: 
- traditional geodetic observations like distances and horizontal and vertical 
directions; 
- new geodetic observations like Global Positioning System (GPS) data and Inertial 
Navigation System (INS) data; 
- photogrammetric observations. 
A network consisting of these different observation types may lead to serious 
problems when adjusting and analysing this network. Principally, keeping in mind 
the Delft approach, two solution strategies can be chosen: 
+ 
This study has been financed by a research grant of Delft University of 
Technology. 
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