May, 1960 Commission VII 197 
The photographs used for this work are summer panchromatics at 1:15,840 on the 
prairies, and 1:31,680, and 1:63,360 farther north. The only equipment used was a 
pocket stereoscope. 
Mr. Angus Hills of the Ontario Department of Lands & Forests, with his staff, has 
been doing outstanding work in interpreting soil conditions in relation to tree growth. 
Their work has been done largely with summer panchromatic photographs at 1:15,840. 
Mr. D. Burger has reported on this in a paper referred to below. 
Geological interpretation of aerial photographs is a standard technique in geo- 
logical surveys of all kinds in Canada by Dominion, Provincial, and private agencies. 
The summer panchromatic photography at scales of 1:15,840, 1:31,680, and 1:63,360 
are most commonly used. W. G. Dean's study of the glacial features of the Clay Belt 
from aerial photographs is an interesting application of this technique. 
In Nova Scotia Dr. H. L. Cameron of the Nova Scotia Research Foundation has 
been obtaining very useful regional geological information using small hand-held 
cameras from a jet aircraft at 38,000 to 42,000 feet. 
Dr. Cameron has also been studying tidal currents from aerial photographs to 
provide information for the design of piers at Petit Passage and Grand Passage in 
Nova Scotia. The water area was photographed at 15-minute intervals from high to 
low tide, and from low to high tide. Current velocities were measured by a parallax 
method, and current directions plotted. This work will be the subject of a paper at 
the sessions of the Congress. 
Hunting Technical and Exploration Services, Spartan Air Services, and other 
commercial firms, interpret photographs for geological and soil data as a routine matter 
using R.C.A.F. small-scale photographs or taking special photography as the job requires. 
ARCHEOLOGY 
Dr. H. L. Cameron is prominent among the men using the interpretation of aerial 
photographs for archeological studies in Canada. Prior to 1956 he developed a photo- 
graphic technique using unmodified infrared in an overlapping continuous-strip cover- 
age. ‘Two scales, 1:1200 and 1:3000 were used, and in addition, panchromatic coverage 
with a standard camera at 1:6000. In the period covered by this report he has used 
this technique to study the sites of the Champlain Habitation, Grand Pré, Fort 
Lawrence, village of Beaubassin, Fort Beauséjour, and an old dry dock site. In the 
case of the village of Beaubassin Dr. Cameron was able to discover the exact site, 
which had been lost for over 200 years. 
INTERPRETATION OF URBAN, RURAL, AND INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURES 
The use of aerial photography and therefore some type of interpretation for urban 
planning is widespread in Canada and it is difficult to select any particular piece of 
work for mention. All private aerial survey organizations undertake this work fre- 
quently. Contour mapping is usual in connection with this, with contour intervals of 
2, 5, and 10 feet being used on different jobs. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY 
Allison, G. W., and R. E. Breadon. “Provisional Aerial Photo Stand Volume Tables 
for Interior British Columbia." The Forestry Chronicle, Vol. 34, No. 1 (March, 
1958), pp. 77-83. 
Bernstein, David A. "Does Magnification Improve Measurements of Stand Heights on 
Aerial Photographs?" The Forestry Chronicle, Vol. 34, No. 4 (December, 1958), 
PP. 435-437. 
Burger, D. “The Identification of Forest Soils on Aerial Photographs." The Forestry 
Chronicle, Vol. 33, No. 1 (March, 1957), pp. 54-60.