4 BRITISH NATIONAL REPORT 
bearings and corrections; it then adds the reference object bearing, and computes the 
corrected bearing and elevation of the target and their first differences for successive points; 
each of these values is recorded by an automatic typewriter and, at the same time, a Hollerith 
punched card is produced carrying the same information for each point of the trajectory. 
These cards (from films from two or more kinetheodolites) are programmed through the 
DEUCE computer to obtain the missile trajectory. Telegraphic automatic card transmission 
and reproduction is used for transmission of this data between the ranges and the Royal 
Aircraft Establishment at Farnborough, Hampshire. 
THE MINISTRY OF AVIATION have been making use of photogrammetry as an aid in the 
conduct of trials of airborne equipment. The Aircraft and Armament Experimental Estab- 
lishment at Boscombe Down employs a survey camera (Williamson F.49 Mk.2, with calibrated 
reseau) which is installed in aircraft used for the trials of precise navigational systems. The 
camera is very accurately aligned with the aircraft axes by a method specially developed at 
the Establishment and the aircraft is flown over strips of well surveyed ground. The true 
position of the aircraft at the time of exposure is obtained by the Ordnance Survey by the 
analytical method of aerial triangulation and this is compared with the position as indicated 
by the navigational system to determine the errors in the latter. Photogrammetric methods 
are also used in armament trials to observe the flight of weapons immediately after release, 
using cine-cameras installed on both wings of the aircraft. High speed colour film has 
been successfully used to increase the discrimination between weapons and their background, 
where monochrome film failed to provide an identifiable image. 
4. Development of Equipment and Research 
(Développement du Materiel et des Recherches) 
(Entwickelung von Ausrustung und Forshung) 
Tur War OFFICE have entered into a research programme for the assessment of the 
Airborne Profile Recorder (6) and for the examination and development of applied techniques. 
They also have under development with Messrs. Hilger & Watts Ltd. a fully automatic two 
table recording stereocomparator with digitised output on card or punched tape which will 
take photo prints up to 23 cms. x 23 cms. in size. 
FAIREY Arr SUrveys LIMITED are carrying out work on the investigation and isolation 
of aircraft vibration and special anti-vibration mountings are being developed. Work has 
also continued on the distortion of film bases when dried under different conditions. An 
item of new equipment amongst those developed by the Research Department is a lightweight 
contact printer of 23 cms. x 23 cms. format, weighing 28 lbs., for use by field parties. Special 
features facilitate air transportation. 
THE MINISTRY OF AVIATION has carried out research and development on installations 
of survey cameras in new types of military aircraft and the development of an improved 
survey camera suitable for high altitude and high speed aircraft. The camera type FX.105, 
which is being developed by Messrs. Hilger & Watts Ltd. under contract, provides for high 
resolution, low distortion, wide angle lens, high speed shutter and register glass with a 
calibrated reseau for use with the self-recording stereocomparator. Flight tests of this 
camera have been made with promising results. University College London have undertaken 
a study under a research contract of the distortions produced by camera heating systems 
as used in military aircraft. A report on this has been issued —TIL(BR)285, “Investigation 
into some of the Effects of Camera Heating Systems" (16). 
Mgessrs HILGER & WATTS LiMiTED have carried out the development of the Recording 
Stereocomparator and the FX.105 Survey Camera referred to above. They are also producing 
new designs for both the recording stereocomparator and the Thompson-Watts plotter. 
Tug ORDNANCE SURVEY has steadily improved its production technique of analytical 
aerial triangulation using calibrated reseau photography and Cambridge stereocomparators 
(1,9). Experiments are being made with the use of tape recorders to book the stereocom- 
parator readings which are then transferred to punched cards prior to the start of electronic 
computing. The DEUCE computer is used for correction of stereocomparator readings for 
camera and reseau calibration, refraction and curvature; for stereogram solution; for strip 
formation and then block formation. The process is extremely rapid and has made analytical 
aerial triangulation the cheapest method of providing control for basic surveys of mountain 
and moorland areas at the 1:10,560 scale. For example a block consisting of 100 stereograms 
with 25 points per stereogram might take 4 hours of DEUCE time. This task would have 
taken 500 man days using desk calculators. Aerial triangulation is also used for some 
survey at a scale of 1:1,250, but its economy over ground methods is not so great in this case 
and consequently nearly all the available effort is directed to the smaller scale work. 
Experiments are being carried out into the technique of scribing contours in the plotting 
machines at 1:10,560 scale. It is hoped that it will be possible to eliminate the operation of 
fair drawing, thereby producing a saving in production costs.