In accordance with the conventional approach we derive from Fig. (13) 
and Snell's law: 
* 
  
  
Sin (2), 5 n = index of refraction (91) 
e 
sin n 
in Ç b 
and from the sine law: 
in (z) x! 
sn imo. p where r = R + H (Fig. 12) (92) 
sin € r 
p 
with (91) and (92) it follows that: 
* rt sin (2) in (2) = K 
| n r. sin (z) -nr siníez) = 
| pp P "p v» (95) 
in particular for point A, K = nr, sin (z), where r, - R « H, 
Further from Figure (13), omitting subscripts, 
+ 
K à 
ac = T ‚and C, -K ar (94) 
r ly - «e 1/2 T r V nz)? - k* 
  
  
Applying formula (9h) to points (Q) outside of the effective atmosphere, where 
n = unity, we obtain with Ty = R + ] 
  
r 
d -l 
a” K = r - Sin 8 (95) 
r 
and, correspondingly, from Fig. (12) for all points for which Ty? ry 
+ oo - sin (96) 
| Cc, = (2), 
"KR 
q T 
q