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96 AERIAL TRIANGULATION WITH AUXILIARY DATA, BRANDENBERGER 
The type and amount of ground control required for the aerial triangulation systems 
listed above are as follows: 
a. Airborne Profile Recorder System (APR): This system yields both new horizontal 
and vertical control data; however, at least two given ground control points are 
required for azimuth adjustment. Large areas may require additional ground control 
for azimuth. 
b. Dual Aircraft Mapping System: Also this system yields both new horizontal and 
vertical control data. A vertical index is required, also a minimum of two given ground 
control points are needed for the azimuth adjustment. Large areas may require more 
than two given ground control points. 
c. Solar Aerial Triangulation System: This system is presently under investigation. 
d. Hiran System: Each ground Hiran station has to be known. The number of stations 
needed is determined by the area coverage requirement — the minimum is two stations. 
The system yields new horizontal control data, including azimuth. 
Tests of multiplex procedures developed for aerial triangulations utilizing Hiran 
auxiliary data were completed subsequent to 1956. The results of the tests indicate that 
accuracies meeting standard requirements for 1 : 50,000 scale maps can be obtained. The 
tests generally consisted of six model strips set on standard multiplex frames utilizing 
Hiran-controlled photography taken with a T-11 camera at altitudes up to 20,000 feet. 
The time required to complete orientation and adjustments for each Hiran-controlled 
multiplex model is approximately 11 hours. 
In his report Mr. Kenneth T. Sine of the Aeronautical Chart and Information Cen- 
ter, U.S. Air Force mentions that this organization especially observes the development 
of methods such as those using airborne profile recorder, solar periscope, horizon cam- 
eras, the statoscope, the stellar 'amera, Shoran-controlled photography, and position of 
aircraft at time of exposure and related information furnished by inertial guidance and/ 
or doppler systems in the aircraft. Although it cannot be called auxiliary data in the 
strictest sense of the word, the improvement in the stabilized mount for aerial cameras 
is of special interest. This mount, if perfected, might eliminate the introduction of data 
relating to tip and tilt (p and w). Mr. Sime points out that the activity of Aeronautical 
Chart and Information Center concerning the use of auxiliary data is closely associated 
with the activities and projects of the Air Research and Development Command, Rome 
Air Development Center, and Wright Air Development Center. 
Mr. G. C. Tewinkel from the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey reports that this or- 
ganization is also concerned with aerial triangulation using auxiliary data. However, no 
detailed information was given in his answers on the questionnaire. 
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Discussion, conclusion and recommendations. 
From the foregoing progress report follows that the significance of aerial triangu- 
lation with auxiliary data has considerably increased since 1956. New systems of pro- 
ducing auxiliary data are under consideration with special emphasis on electronic meas- 
uring devices. However, for many devices no reliable accuracy indications are available. 
It is, therefore recommended that in the near future more efforts should be undertaken to 
make such accuracy information available. If aerial triangulation with auxiliary data 
should be more accurate than aerial triangulation without auxiliary data (aeropolygon) 
it is of utmost importance that the auxiliary data have sufficient accuracy. This means 
that elements of exterior orientation such as bx, by, bz 
~y 
w, @ and x should be obtained 
with a higher accuracy from aerial triangulation with auxiliary data than from the 
aeropolygon method. Since we have not yet reached this stage, at least not for low flown 
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