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107 
SECOND MEETING HELD ON WEDNESDAY, 14th SEPTEMBER, 1960 
In the Chair: Prof G. CassiNis, President 
Continuation of the Presentation of the General Report 
Prof M. CUNIETTI (Translation read by Miss 
Togliatti): Obvious considerations of a general 
character lead us to believe that the fundamen- 
tal purposes of a Commission, and especially of 
Commission III, should be the following: 
a. to guide scientific experimental and theoret- 
ical research; 
b. to give information with the largest amount 
of particulars on practical methods, positive 
applications, intensity of their application 
and their value, so as to establish an other- 
wise unobtainable source of information. 
It is useless to insist on the importance of 
scientific research, since it obviously furnishes 
the basis of all future developments. However, 
since photogrammetry is a technique and a 
service of a determinate producing field, it is 
equally important to possess detailed informa- 
tion on the different proceedings that local 
situations and particular market requirements 
have suggested or imposed, quite apart from 
those of scientific programmes; the different 
solutions found by practical experience pressed 
by a contingent urge can be useful in suggesting 
proceedings to other people making use of 
photogrammetry in similar cases. 
The situation as sketched out by scientific 
research is, in fact, hardly detectable in daily 
application, except in very rare cases. The 
practical procedure is always the result of a 
combination of different constituent elements, 
frequently of an absolute diverse nature. The 
person engaged in photogrammetry observing 
the range of different applications of aerial 
triangulation cannot help feeling admiration for 
the adaptability of a rigid theoretical principle 
which in practice has to be modified, manipulat- 
ed, transformed and merged together to obtain 
a positive and satisfactory result, both from a 
technical and economic point of view. 
In consideration of these facts we have 
purposely underlined in our Report the great 
varieties of activities carried on in the different 
countries and in the different situations. The 
premises enunciated in the previous part aim 
chiefly at introducing and justifying the one- 
sided direction purposely given to the Commis- 
sion enquiry on the application of aerial trian- 
gulation. This direction is mainly based on the 
assumption that the Commission’s Report must 
also be an up-to-date version of technical news 
and the most complete mirror of the practical 
work carried out in the aerial triangulation 
field. It is frequently a detailed account of the 
problems which have been faced, of the variants 
in different places and local situations and, 
therefore, of the different procedures by which 
they have been solved. 
In this extremely varied description we shall 
not fail to note later on the clear outline of the 
new general tendencies, the new incentives given 
to operative practice by scientific research as 
well as the impulses for practical necessities 
continuously given to science with a view to 
solving and studying some widely defined prob- 
lems. In fact, the precise aim of this Report is 
to find out all these ways and tendencies as they 
appear from the actual present-day situation. 
The indispensable premise for such an enquiry is 
the vast gathering up of new data. The normal 
method of collecting such data is through the 
dispatching of a questionnaire. The question- 
naire sent out by this Commission to 130 ad- 
dresses — comprising all Commission III na- 
tional rapporteurs, all National Societies, mem- 
bers of the ISP and to a great number of aerial 
triangulation experts in various countries — is 
divided into two sections. The first part is 
reserved for news and information of a general 
kind related to each country, while the second 
part contains questions of a more precise and 
detailed character concerning above all practical 
work carried out on aerial triangulation. For 
the sub-division of the matter we followed the 
aforesaid criterion. 
Aerial triangulation is sub-divided into two 
types, namely, triangulation for strips and trian- 
gulation for blocks, which in their turn are also 
subdivided into: 
I. instrumental methods of triangulation; 
analytical methods of triangulation; 
radial methods of triangulation. 
Each one of the six derived classes contains 
different group questions, each one of which 
refers to the sequence of operations conducted 
in working out aerial triangulation: 
a. flight and characteristics of the ground 
control points; 
b. bridging of photographs; 
c. adjustment of results; and 
d. information on results obtained. 
Sometimes questions concerning information 
WwW IV