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DISCUSSION ON PRESENTED PAPERS 119 
question, and I would like to suggest that we 
take it up at the continuation session at 15.30, 
if that would be acceptable. 
I will now pass on to our next speaker, Dr 
Zeidner. Dr Zeidner received his Ph.D from 
Catholic University in 1954. He is now Chief 
of the Research Group of the Personnel Re- 
search Branch of the United States Army Re- 
search and Development Centre in Washington 
DC. Dr Zeidner has previously published papers 
dealing with the classification of Army person- 
nel, “Night Vision” and “Pilot Section”. Dr 
Zeidner is a psychologist, and I understand that 
a psychologist is an individual that attends a 
burlesque show to watch the audience! 
Dr Zeidner’s paper is entitled “Research on 
Human Factors in Image Interpreter Systems”. 
It is with pleasure that I introduce Dr Zeidner 
to you. 
Dr Zeidner then reads his paper. He con- 
cluded as follows: 
The paper which I believe has not been 
distributed as yet gives some other indices of 
performance that relate to the length of time 
permitted for extraction of information and 
the relative accuracy of this. Our preliminary 
results seem to indicate that there might be an 
optimal time to present photographs to the image 
interpreters, that is giving them too much time 
makes them fill time up with erroneous informa- 
tion. 
I should like to emphasise that the results I 
have presented at this moment are of an ex- 
tremely tentative nature. They are based upon 
small and restricted samples of photo-inter- 
preters, and on experimental performance meas- 
ures. The real difficulty — if not impossibility — 
of producing in an artificial test situation the 
on-the-job conditions under which photo- 
interpreters will actually work, is pointed out. 
For this reason, real photographs that were 
actually employed in the past are used to the 
maximum extent, 
Mr W. FISCHER: I am sorry that the time 
situation requires that we continue discussion of 
Dr Zeidner’s paper in the continuation session. 
I should like to pass quickly on to the next 
paper that will be read in short summary by Mr 
Olson of the University of Illinois. Mr Olson was 
educated at the University of Michigan and 
Minnesota. He served as a photo-interpreter in 
the United States Navy. He is now Assistant 
Professor of Forestry at the University of Illi- 
nois, and Head of the Illinois University's Com- 
mittee of Photography. He will talk now about 
his paper: “The Aerial Photography Program 
at the University of Illinois *) 
Mr C. E. Orsow, Jnr: I will not attempt to 
summarise the paper in full. It has been repro- 
duced and was available in the initial distribu- 
tion of material. I have been asked to high-light 
the sense of the programme at the University 
of Illinois. I can do this best by pointing out 
that the aerial photography programme at the 
University of Illinois is now approximately two 
years old. It involves seventeen different ac- 
ademic departments. A brief listing of some of 
these will give you the scope of the people 
involved. We have anthropologists; city plan- 
ners; foresters; geologists; geographers; civil 
engineers; electrical engineers; mechanical en- 
gineers; agronomists; agricultural economists; 
chemists; psychologists; sociologists; zoologists; 
and just recently some meteorologists have be- 
come interested in cloud research too. 
The programme has attempted to take the 
photograph as a graphic record of a portion of 
the energy spectrum and treat this in a manner 
which will produce the most usable information 
from this graphic record. Part of the problem 
is a measurement of a photogrammetric prob- 
lem; part of it is photo-interpretation. We have 
tried not to divorce these two aspects of the 
problem but to marry them together and have 
each support the other. From this standpoint we 
feel that the photo-interpreter must utilise the 
photogrammetrist and the photogrammetrist 
must utilise the photo-interpreter. To this end 
we have combined teaching and research efforts: 
research in measurement or in photogrammetry 
and also in interpretation. The interpretation 
research is both applied and basic. We have a 
great feeling that there is a lack of information 
as to what the energy course is that we are 
actually imaging in our photograph. We seem 
to know what light comes in from the atmos- 
phere or through the atmosphere, but we do not 
really know what happens to it after it hits its 
object. We are trying to find this out. 
This, then, is a combined and integrated pro- 
gramme aimed at not a total but a combined 
utilisation — effective utilisation — of the aerial 
photograph. 
Mr W. FiscHER: Thank you, Mr Olson. One 
thing Mr Olson did not talk about is the reposi- 
tory of photographs at the University of Illinois. 
I regret that time precluded this here. How- 
ever, Mr Olson's paper as well as Dr. Zeidner's 
*) This paper stitches together with the Report of Working Group 2, see Part 2. 
———M RE RS 
ee x