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Devin Kelley 
  
4. EXPERIMENTS/RESULTS 
The proposed straight-line constraint in aerial triangulation has been tested for frame, three-line and panoramic linear 
array scanner imagery, using the MSAT (Multi Sensor Aerial Triangulation) software, developed at the Ohio State 
University. The adjustments were performed with and without the straight-line constraint, using tie points in both 
cases. The RMS values between the adjusted and geodetic ground coordinates of the tie points are shown in Tables 2- 
4. An overview of the test data configurations is shown in Table 1. 
  
  
  
Number of images Number of tie lines 
Frame imagery 12 8 
Three-line scanners 6 2 
Panoramic linear array scanners 4 7 
  
  
Table 1: Configuration for bundle adjustment with points and straight lines 
For frame imagery, the test field in Figure 6 was used to form a block of twelve images. Eight lines were used in the 
overlapping area. Aerial triangulation was performed with and without the linear feature constraint. The results are 
shown in Table 2. 
  
Figure 6: Test field with equally spaced signalized targets 
Six scenes with two tie lines were used to test the algorithm for three-line scanners. The six scenes were captured in 
two flight lines (3 per flight line) with almost 100% overlap, and 60% sidelap. GPS observations at the exposure 
stations were utilized in the adjustment. The results are shown in Table 3. 
The configuration for panoramic linear array scanner imagery is shown in Figure 7. Again, GPS observations at the 
exposure stations were utilized in the adjustment. The results are shown in Table 4. 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
d : 
: I : > * 
Image 2 Image 3 
N : | : I N 
Sma, | y . 
Image 1 Image 4 
Figure 7: Layout of four panoramic linear array scanner scenes with seven tie lines. 
  
International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Vol. XXXIII, Part Bl. Amsterdam 2000. 183