Kazuo Oda 
  
  
bes ai 
Figure 4. Mosaic Image of Mountainous Area (4 Photos) 
m 
Error of Orientation 
  
0 5 10 15 (m) 
Resolution of DSM 
Figure 5. Relationship between Resolution of DSM and Precision of Orientation 
4. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORKS 
Digital surface model based orientation technique is useful if no GCP data and/or no orientation data are available. This 
technique can be applied to production of orthophotos or create textures for 3-D computer graphics model. 
This method is especially suitable for photos of mountainous area. We are planning to implement this method in a system 
which create orthoimages and mosaic images through simple graphical user interface which can be operated by those 
who do not have knowledge about photogrammetry. 
5. REFERENCE 
T.Doihara, K.Oda, W.Lu and O.Uchida, 1999. Geocoding of Aerial Photo Images with Existing Digital Maps, Journal of 
Civil Engineering Information Processing System, Vol.8, pp.33-40. 
R.Szeliski, 1994. Image Mosaicing for Tele-Reality Applications, DEC CRL 94/1, April. 
K.Oda, 1998. Automated Orientation with Three Dimensional Mosaicing, IAPRS Vol.32, Part 5, Hakodate, pp.124-127. 
  
656 International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Vol. XXXIII, Part B3. Amsterdam 2000. 
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