yrdinates 
brations. 
  
— a! 
sea 
) 
oA 
71 
| 
44 
| 
305 
  
  
ratory 
tation 
L| 
ib 
| 
417 
| 
073 
„503 
  
  
oratory 
tion tests in 
surized twin 
re 2. 
s maintained 
o. Results of 
Dean Merchant 
  
  
  
Figure 2 The NOAA Pressurized Cessna Citation Preparing to Fly the Madison Ranges 
  
  
  
  
  
EAST NORTH UP 
in situ lab in situ lab in situ lab 
bias -0.150 -0.123 -0.265 -0.051 0.020 0.806 
std. dev. | about 0.324 0.648 0.337 1.145 0.119 0.229 
mean 
std. dev. | about 0.367 0.663 0.455 1.146 0.121 0.958 
GPS 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Table 3. Coordinate Discrepancies Between GPS and Single-Photo Resections Based on /n Situ and Laboratory 
Calibrations for Four Photos at 5800 Meters Above Ground [meters] 
4. CONCLUSION 
This investigation is intended to assess the influence of the operational environment on spatial coordinates computed 
photogrammetrically to those determined by GPS. For this purpose, single photo resected coordinates from in situ 
calibrations were compared to laboratory based calibrations. All data was based on imagery collected over controlled 
test ranges and under operational circumstances. Both ported and pressurized aircraft were investigated. Bias errors 
in elevation of 1.6 meters correspnding to one part in 730 of the flight height were observed. 
Itis concluded that calibrations based on data from operational conditions are subject to substantially smaller systematic 
error than those based on traditional laboratory methods. 
Further investigations are warranted to clearly identify causes of this bias that is primarily in elevation. It is further 
concluded that environmental factors play a strong role in the calibration of added airborne sensors and the relative 
spatial relationships within any airborne system of sensors. 
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 
Many individuals made important contributions during the course of this investigation. At ODOT, of particular note 
are James Crowl, Ed Kroman and Milan Kofron for their enthusiasm and continued support. The direct involvement 
and interest of Capt. Lewis Lapine and James Lucas [NGS] and Donald Light [USGS], made the high-altitude project 
possible and enjoyable. 
  
International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Vol, XXXIII, Part B3. Amsterdam 2000. 
Un 
2 
Un