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Bürger, Thomas
D,[mm] boresize series AD;[mm] ADe[%]
44.5 40 — R3 - -
48.3 40 RI 3.8 8.4 De [mm] boresize pressure rate
57.0 50 R2 8.7 18.0 190.0 80 6
60.3 50 RI 3.3 5.8 200.0 80 40
76.1 65 RI 15.8 26.2 210.0 100 6
88.9 80 R1 12.8 16.8 220.0 100 16
108.0 100 R3 19.1 21.5 233.0 100 40
114.3 100 RI 6.3 5.8 240.0 125 6
133.0 125 R2 18.7 16.4 250.0 125 16
139.7 125 RI 6.7 5.0 270.0 125 40
159,0 150 R3 19,3 13.8
168.3 150 R1 9.0 5,7
Table 1: Catalog-data (DIN) of tube-material (A) and flanges (B)
Table (A) shows the exterior diameter, the nominal bore size!, the difference between two consecutive diameters and the
relative differences. The relative differences are large enough to permit the unique identification of tube-material as well
as flanges (B) and other piping components using the simple measurement technics shown above.
Using Catalog-data in step 3 of the modelling-procedure not only facilitates the modelling but also leads directly to
specified or partially specified plant models which are more valuable than so called "collision models".
The major problem for using the knowledge about the component's shape is the availability of electronic catalog-data for
older paper documentated process plants.
3 USING POSTION INFORMATION IN THE ORIENTATION PHASE
The planning of an image-series of a process plant is a rather complex task. The orientation of the series and the recon-
struction of every important plant-component must be taken into account. Even if the orientation succeded there might be
components which are impossible to reconstruct if they appear in one image only or if there is a poor intersection only. So
it might be important to take additional images at a later time and to succeed an orientation even if auxiliary orientation
material (numbered targets, plumblines) are removed from the plant.
One approach of this task is to revert the straight-line reconstruction method presended in section 2.1 (Fig. 2) using known
straight line information and searching for the parameters of the exterior orientation:
Straight lines 4 in space are defined as
D = +A 9 - (1)
The projection beams j of imagepoints lying on the line i are represented in terms of the parameters of the exterior
orientation X°, D(p,w, k), distorsion corrected imagepoint coordinates u; ;, v; ; and the focal length cy:
1,9 04,3
/
zo ZR vo vi
Sij=8,;+u5,; =X +p D(oo, K) - | € : (2)
!
qt.
ij
Residuals ¢; ; are defined as the perpendicular distance between straight lines i and projection beams j as:
= 2
2 ((gF X 8i5)* (d) — 82 ;))
€ij = ir gt
(3)
The sum’s minimization of the residual’s squares
9. .
> > €; ; = Min (4)
jj
E eu
leads to the parameters of the exterior orientation. Orientation succeeds with initial parameters for the exterior orientation
and at least two imagepoints on three different known straight lines.
Using the centerline of pipes as straight lines requires the calculation of fictive imagepoints using imagepoints of the
visible edges and defining a centerplane as in section 2.1. The following images (Fig. 6) illustrate the steps of this
orientation using pipe-segments in a pilot-plant:
lBore size defined without unit in DIN!
International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Vol. XXXIII, Part B5. Amsterdam 2000. 111
