Ebrahjm, Mostafa Abdel-Bary 
  
The Islamic art accuracy has been studied using the digital close range photogrammetric technique. One Islamic art 
element has been chosen as an Islamic art guide. This element is the painting of the mosques’ ceilings. The 
photogrammetric technique has been applied and the results have been compared. The comparison results shows that the 
standard deviation of the dome axis are oXo — 0.0056 m and oYo = 0.0033 m which calculated from symmetrical points 
around the dome axis. This values considered as a high accuracy. The other comparisons shows that the standard 
deviation of the dome profile and the lengths are about 3.5 cm. This value considered as a good accuracy if we took into 
consideration the another two factors that effecting in this values (the painting base as a construction and the accuracy 
of the used photogrammetric technique) and the effect of the third direction (Z). The geometric comparison shows that 
the Islamic art is very accurate in dimension and shapes. 
From this investigation, we can conclude that the Islamic art is very accurate in shape and dimension as obtained from 
the numerical and geometrical results that obtained from the digital close range photogrammetric technique. 
6. REFERENCES 
1- Buckner R.B., “Surveying Measurements and their Analysis", Landmark Enterprises, 1983. 
http://www. flatsurv.com/accuprec.htm 
2- Buckner R. B., “ The nature of measurement :Part IV - Precision and Accuracy ”, Professional Surveyors Publishing 
Co. 2000, 
http://www.profsurv.com/ps_scripts/article.idc?id=168 
3. Ebrahim, M.A-B, “Using Close Range Photogrammetry for Some Engineering Applications”, M.Sc. thesis, Assiut 
university, Egypt, March 1992. 
4- Elisabeth Siddiqui, “Islamic Art”, An article in the Muslim Students Association of Colorado University Home Page, 
2000. 
http://www.colostate.edu/Orgs/MSA/docs/islart. html 
5- Fraser, C.S., “Film unflatness effects in analytical non-metric photogrammetry”, ACSM-ASPRS Annual convention, 
Vol. S, 1090. 
6- Hanke, K. And Ebrahim, M. A-B., * A Low Cost 3D-Measurement Tool for Architectural and Archaeological 
Applications", CIPA International Symposium, Vol. XXXII, Part 5C1B, Góteborg, Sweden, 1997. 
7- Hottier Ph. “Accuracy of Close Range Analytical Restitution : Practical experimental and Prediction", 
Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote sensing, 42(3), 1976 
8- Islamic Arts and Architecture Organization (a), “The concept of decoration in Islamic architecture", An article in its 
home page, 1998 
http://www.islamicart.com/pages/archtcre/decorate.htm 
9- Islamic Arts and Architecture Organization (b), “Overview of Islamic architecture”, An article in its home page, 1998 
http://www.islamicart.com/pages/archtcre/overview.htm 
10- Kenneth E. Foote and Donald J. Huebner, “Error, Accuracy, and Precision”, 1995 
http://wwwhost.cc.utexas.edu/ftp/pub/gcraft/notes/error/error.html 
11- Linda Komaroff, “Introduction”, An article in the LACMA Islamic Art webpage, 1999 
http:// www.lacma.org/islamic_art/intro.htm 
  
202 International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Vol. XXXIII, Part B5. Amsterdam 2000. 
  
  
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