Huang, Yi Dong 
  
7 CONCLUSIONS 
It has been shown in the paper that the orientation of images captured with a calibrated video-theodolite can be 
determined directly by theodolite observation. There are a variety of methods for choice in practice. Given the high 
precision of modern theodolites, using video-theodolite is probably the most accurate means for providing direct 
orientation for cameras. 
It has been shown that theodolite orientation for a video-theodolite can be achieved using the camera in the video- 
theodolite. For this purpose, new collinearity equations have been derived to incorporate theodolite orientation 
parameters. They have successfully been used to orient two video-theodolite stations relative to each other using image 
observations. They are believed to be applicable to bundle adjustment of multiple video-theodolite stations; experiments 
on this are recommendable. 
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