Mularz, Stanislaw
mining infrastructure namely machines, transformation facility, buildings etc., are clearly visible and recognisable on
the fusion products.
TM X HPF : IHS PCA
nTM 1 0 716
nTM 2 493 0
nTM 3 721
nTM 4 0 9
nTM 5 421
nTM 7 7
Ie
nTM 1 778
nTM 2 751
nTM 3 0,794
nTM 4 784
nTM 5 16
nTM 7 0,672 1 0
Table 2. Correlation coefficients of TM bands after merging for different methods being tested
5 CONCLUSIONS
The merger is a useful and powerful tool for combining spaceborne and airborne images. Using the different merging
techniques the Landsat TM data could be enhanced by aerial color photographs spatial content. It was stated, that the
merged images could be a very useful tool for monitoring open-cast mine areas. After merging transformation a
significant improvement in overall interpretability of the multispectral Landsat TM data was observed, particularly for
the geological features detection and delineation. The merger images more clearly showed the boundaries of the
lithological units within the deposit overburden and the lignite layer due to textural and color differences. Also the
mining infrastructure elements and geometry of the open-pit mine and the dump body could be explicitly recognised
and identified on the merged images (Figure 8.). Based on visual interpretation and statistical analysis method using
OIF (the Optimal Index Factor) the best results were obtained for HPF (High Pass Filter) and PCA (Principal
Component Analysis) fusion methods. Surprisingly, the IHS (Intensity, Hue, Saturation) merging procedure is less
efficient for the open-cast mine monitoring purposes then others tested methods. High rankings were observed for three-
band combinations that included TM 145 and TM 457 Landsat data. This is because of the specific spectral properties
of infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum, particularly for the lithologic features detection. The relatively low
correlation between the short-wave infrared bands (TMS5 and 7) and the visible bands (TM1, 2 and 3) or even infrared
band (TM4) also indicated that SWIR bands provided different thematic information then others spectral bands.
The results of this investigation indicate that the spatial resolution limitations in the Landsat TM data might be
effectively reduced by the merger with high-resolution aerial photographs. Thus, the monitoring of the open-cast mine
environment can be done more accurate and efficient, with regard to the delineation of lithological units as well as
mining structure inventory and the geometrical elements of open-pit mine and dump body identification. The resulting
false color composites of spatial resolution similar to those of the reference aerial images can be successfully used for
monitoring of open-cast mine area. Such products will prove useful to investigators seeking to maximise the amount of
information extracted from satellite multispectral imageries.
REFERNENCES
Fritsch D., Englich M., Sester M., 1998. GIS — Between Visions and Applications, IAPRS, Vol. 32, Part 4, Stuttgart,
FRG, p. 0.
Abrams, M. J., R. P. Ashley, I. C. Rowan, A. F. H. Goetz, and A. B. Kahle, 1977. Mapping of Hydrothermal Alteration
in the Curpite Mining District, Nevada, Using Aircraft Scanner Images for the Spectral Region 460 to 2360 nm.
Geology, Vol. 5, pp. 713-718.
Abrams, M. J., D. Brown, L. Lepley, and R. Sadowski, 1983. Remote Sensing for Copper Exploration in Southern
Arizona. Economic Geology, Vol. 78, pp. 591-604.
926 International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Vol. XXXIII, Part B7. Amsterdam 2000.
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