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Link Canals 12
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Surface Drainage : 5500 5n
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S ° CHISHTIAN SUB-DIVISION
o” — Inermatisnal Socngary
Provincial Boundary
Rivers
4h Dans/Barreges/Huks
6 «v 200 KM
ORG )
Figure 1: Hydiological layout of Pakistan.
available farmers supplement the
watering by supplying additional
quantities from groundwater
sources. Chemical analysis of
groundwater and precise ratio and
proportioned mixture of surface
and groundwater is important. It
is necessary to regulate the water
management of the related area to
overcome the above-mentioned
problems.
Water management via remote
sensing techniques
The intensive aud country-wide
efforts to boost food production
has focused attention on the use of
remote sensing technology which
delivers accurate and timely infor-
mation and affords guidance for
better management of agricultural
systems.
Remote sensing involves Earth
Imaging Satellites equipped with
electronic scanners which move
around the Farth and monitor,
scan and generate the imagery and
produce dara with potential mul-
ti-purpose applications. It helps
the various governmental func-
tions including resource and land
management, weather forecasting,
mapping urban planning, fishery
management and agriculture.
Much research work has been
done on remote sensing applica-
tions of hydrclogy. All stages in
the process of the hydrologic cycle
have been practically investigated
to determine the magnitude of
water storage and its cyclic varia-
tion.
Scientific and modern methods
of storage, distribution and use
of water play a key role in the
successful agricultural produc-
tion. Remote sensing systems
have proven valuable tools for ac-
quiring requisite hydrologic in-
formation for water resource
management and for comple-
menting the ground base data
collection which can provide ade-
quate, reliable and timely means
in regard to:
- Determine the volume and
availability of water for agricul-
ture
- Derermine the distribution of
irrigation water
- Determine the quality of water
- Determine the ways and means
to control floods
Thus a perfect water management
scheme can be cvolved.
Munawar, Hassan Zia
Satellite data vs field data
Geostatic data provided through
field survey serves very useful pur-
poses in agricultural management.
Practical field survey is an outdoor
aud a difficult job, it involves
much rime and manpower and yet
only a few types of information
may be collected. Different de-
partments work in collecting field
data but all of them have their
own priorities which result in lack
of co-operation and co-ordination
and thus a joint result is pushed
aside. Moreover, compilation and
reconciliation of various data is a
time-consuming process. Whereas
with the help of remote sensing
echnology a large area can be
scanned and imagery obtained.
The imagery delivers all sorts of
relevant information and data, si-
multaneously and in the shortest
possible time. Also trouble spots
can be reached easily after having
been located in the imagery.
Difficulties also occur there in
the usage of remote sensing tech-
nology. For recording imagery,
however, we are dependent upon
the help of developed countries
that own the space vehicles
mounted with sophisticazed ir-
strument units beaming data for
requisite purposes. Unfortunately
Pakistan has no Earth Observing
Satellite in space. Secondly, image-
ry is very costly. Thirdly, some-
times it is difficult to get imagery
of any specific area due to its stra-
tegic importance.
Organisations working on remote
sensing techniques
International Irrigation Manage-
ment Institute (IIMI), Pakistan
was established in 1986. It applies
remote sensing technology and has
been using satellite imagery for
different projects in Chistian sub-
division. Chistian, subdivision has
an area of 70,000 ha in the south-
ern Punjab, Pakistan (Figure 1).
The irrigation system consists of 1
main canal (Fordwah Branch), 14
distributaries (secondary canals)
and 470 water courses (tertiary ca-
nals). 1n the area there are numer-
ous private tube wells, used for ex-
International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Vol. XXXIII, Part B7. Amsterdam 2000. 929
