JAPRS & SIS, Vol.34, Part 7, “Resource and Environmental Monitoring”, Hyderabad, India, 2002 
  
  
Ground water can be tapped through shallow and deep tube 
wells in alluvial plains and flood plains. The wells tapping the 
flood plains generally give high yields with good quality of 
water 
6.2 Forms of denudational origin: The relief features of 
Yamunanagar district are characterised by forms of 
denudational origin, which covers 211.51sq. km. (11.8896) 
area. Denudational hills, piedmont zone and intermontane 
valley constitutes the main units of denudational origin. 
Denudational hills cover 5.83% area followed by piedmont 
zone and intermontane valley accounting for 5.20% and 0.85% 
area of the district respectively. These acts as the main ground 
water recharge sources in the area. 
Dedudational hills are characterised by steeply sloping, highly 
weathered hills mainly consist of sandstone, shales and boulder 
beds. These occupy elevation between 400 to 600m above msl 
and have poor ground water potential. The piedmont zone 
having a width of 3 to 10 km lies on the foot of Siwalik hills 
with elevation ranging from 300 to 400 m above msl. This zone 
is constituted by sediments brought by the turbulent rivers 
emerging from the hills. The piedmont zone has moderate 
slopes (average gradient of 5.5 m/km towards southwest) with 
10m to more than 30m thick deposits of colluvial and alluvial 
sediments (boulders pebbles, sand etc). It serves as good 
recharge zone but cannot hold ground water due to steep 
hydraulic gradient. A narrow intermontane valley exist in the 
area which is drained by Sukh Rao, a minor tributary stream of 
Yamuna. The valley have a length of 10.5 km. and width 
ranging from 1.0 to 2.5 km. The valley is characterised by 
unconsolidated clastic sediments, derived from the adjacent 
hills. Intermontane valley has very good ground water 
prospects as it is being recharged by the surrounding hills as 
well as by the river water flowing through the valley. 
7. GROUNDWATER PROSPECTS 
The groundwater in the district mainly occurs under unconfined 
water table conditions in the upper aquifers which is mainly 
formed of fine to coarse sand, silt, clay and calcareous nodules. 
In the deeper aquifer zones where the water holding formations 
are shales, silt and clays the ground water occurs in semi- 
confined to confined conditions. The depth to water table in the 
shallow aquifers vary between 5 to 19m below ground level in 
the northwestern part of the district whereas deeper water levels 
are found in the eastern and southwestern parts (Table 3). The 
yields of tube wells in the shallow aquifers are between 100 to 
500 lpm. The seasonal range of fluctuations show a rising trend, 
which is 0.7 to 4.5m. The rise is more conspicuous along 
Yamuna river. Some fall in the water level (0.3 to 4.1m) over 
the decade were observed in Radaur and Jagadhri blocks of the 
district which suggest over exploitation of ground water. 
In general, the quality of ground water in Yamunanagar district 
is fresh. The predominant water types are Calcium Bicarbonate 
(Ca-HC0O3) with PH values from 7.03 to 7.58. Specific 
Conductance values are generally less than 1000 
micromhos/cm but higher values are recorded in Mustafabad 
(2750) and Sabri (2100) villages. Industrial effluents, sewage 
wastes, fertilizers, pesticides and insecticides are adding a large 
number of pollutants to both surface and ground water. Higher 
concentration of Pb, Cd and Cu is present in the shallow ground 
water in Yamuna Nagar and Jagadhri industrial complexes 
(CGWB, 1998). 
Based on the hydrogeomorphological mapping and collated 
data it was estimated that very good to good ground water 
prospects cover about 71.12% of the district area. Excellent 
area in ground water prospect is only 12.28%. Rest of the area 
falls under Good to moderate, moderate to poor and poor to nil 
categories each contributing about 5-6% of the district area. 
Groundwater prospects in various hydrogeomorphic units 
mapped in the district are given in table 2. 
Table 2. Aerial coverage of mapped hydrogeomorphic units and their ground water prospects in Yamunanagar district 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Geomorphi Map Description Groundwater Area Are 
c unit symbo prospect occupie a 
1 d (sq. (9/6) 
km.) 
A. FLUVIAL ORIGIN 
Channel CB Small alluvial patch forming part of the river | Excellent 0.72 0.04 
Bar bed 
Palaeo PC Narrow linear arcuate tract within the alluvial | Good 2.00 0.11 
Channel plain 
Valley Fill | VFS Narrow depressions filled with alluvial and | Good 0.13 0.01 
Shallow colluvial matter of shallow depth «10m. 
Flood Plain | FPD Narrow flat areas along the river formed of | Excellent 77.75 4.37 
Deep recent sediments > 20m thickness. 
Flood Plain | FPS Narrow flat areas along the river formed of | Very Good 25.06 1.41 
Shallow recent sediments «10m thickness 
Alluvial APD Very gently sloping plain of alluvial sediments | Very Good 1225.4 68.86 
Plain deep »20m thickness. | 2 
  
  
  
  
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