IAPRS & SIS, Vol.34, Part 7, “Resource and Environmental Monitoring", Hyderabad, India,2002 
  
  
   
  
    
  
  
  
3.7 Soil Albedo 
Albedo (relative reflectance averaged across the entire 
spectrum of all the soils for visible (A >0.7 um) and entire 
spectrum (0.35-1.8 um) is given in table 6. It is observed that 
albedo in the visible portion of the spectrum ranged from 6.6 
per cent in Shelang to 18.3 per cent in Pithoragarh soils while 
in infrared region it varies from 28.1 per cent in Shelang soils 
to 45 per cent in Malari soils. The soil albedo (0.35-1.8 um) 
varies from 22.7 per cent in the Shelang soils to as high as 37.7 
per cent in Malari soils.The major factor influencing the soil 
albedo appears to be due to variation in the organic carbon 
content. Ben-Dor et al. (1999) also observed influence of soil 
organic matter concentration on soil albedo. 
Table 6. Albedo of the soil 
  
    
   
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
    
  
   
  
  
  
  
    
  
   
  
    
   
  
  
Soil albedo (%) 
Soils à (0.35- | 2(<0.7 |»(0.7-1.8] OC. 
1.8 um) um) (%) 
um) 
Karan Prayag 33.8 14.4 40.3 2.07 
Mehragaon 32.9 13.6 39.4 3 
Pandukeshwar| 29.2 8.7 36.1 5.76 
Baijnath 31.6 15.7 37.0 1.04 
Chakori 32.1 11.3 39.1 3.98 
Pithoragarh 37.4 18.3 43.8 1.47 
Auli 32.0 12:3 38.6 4.06 
Shelang 22.7 6.6 28.1 8.32 
Badrinath 30.2 8.2 37.6 3.69 
Malari 37.7 16.2 45.0 0.92 
  
  
  
  
  
  
   
   
    
   
   
  
  
  
   
    
   
   
   
   
  
    
   
    
3.8 Statistical correlation 
Correlation between soil properties and spectral reflectance 
. (Resampled to 10nm band width) at different wavelengths have 
been shown in figure 4. 
It is observed that, in general, clay, sand, FeO content, air dry 
soil moisture and organic carbon are negatively correlated 
while silt, Fe,O5 content and pH are positively correlated with 
spectral reflectance data. The significant correlation at 5 per 
cent level was observed for organic carbon content (r= -0.901) 
and air dry soil moisture (r= -0.684) only. 
  
  
0.6 — 
0a] /5% EY ATT 
7 f ETE PEN S POS 
024" 4 ; \ 4 
8 0.0 Áo T T e. = 
= arr el 
$21 / Chy GET OST y 
E J 1 M 
OQ -0.4 4 Feo 7 
  
  
300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 
Wavelength (nm) 
  
  
  
Figure 4. Curves showing correlations between various soil 
parameters and spectral reflectance data 
4. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 
This research was supported by the ICAR under the National 
Agricultural Technology Programme Code number NATP 
(MM/III-2). 
5. REFERENCES 
Baumgardner, M.F., Kristof, S.L, Johannsen, C.S. and 
Zachary, A.J., 1970. Effects of organic matter on multispectral 
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Begheijn, L. Th., 1979. Determination of iron (II) in rock, soil 
and clay. Analyst, 104, pp. 1055 — 1061. 
Ben-Dor, E., and Banin, A., 1995. Near-infrared analysis as a 
rapid method to simultaneously evaluate several soil properties. 
Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 59, pp. 364-372. 
Ben-Dor, E.- Irons. J.R,- and Epema, G.F. 1999. «Soil 
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Bowers, S.A., and Hanks, RJ., 1965. Reflection of radiant 
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Condit, H.R., 1970. The spectral reflectance of American soils. 
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Condit, H.R., 1972. Application of characteristic vector 
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spectral reflectance of American soils. Appl. Opt., 11, pp. 74- 
86. 
Da Costa, L.M., 1979. Surface soil color and reflectance as 
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Ph.D. dissertation, University of Missouri, Columbia, Mo., pp. 
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Hoffer, R.M., and Johannsen, C.J., 1969. Ecological potentials 
in spectral signature analysis. P.L. Johnson (ed.). Remote 
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Holmgren , G. G. S., 1967. A rapid citrate-dithionite extractable 
iron procedure. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 31, pp. 210-211. 
Jackson, M.L., 1956. Soil Chemical Analysis - Advanced 
Course., Publ. by the Author, Dept. of soils, Univ. of Wis., 
Madison 6, Wis. 
Jackson, M. L., 1967. Soil chemical analysis. Prentice Hall of 
India Pvt. Ltd; New Delhi. 
Jackson, M.L., 1973. Soil Chemical Analysis. Prentice Hall of 
India Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi. 
Janik, L.J., Merry, R.H., and Skjemstad, J.O., 1998. Can mid 
infrared diffuse reflectance analysis replace soil extractions? 
Aust. J. Exp. Agric., 38, pp. 681-696. 
Knuze, G. W., 1965. Methods of soil analysis. C. A. Black et 
al. (ed), Agronomy 9, Am. Soc. Of Agron., Inc., Madison, Wis., 
pp. 68-577. 
    
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