International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part Bl. Istanbul 2004 
  
car with 0.1 km/h accuracy have been compared in off line 
with a velocity value automatically obtained from the 
respectively image sequence for three LUMOS flight 
campaigns (Table 3). 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Flight Velocity | Velocity | Differenc | Relative 
on board | LUMOS | e Error 
(km/h) (km/h) (km/h) (%) 
06.05.2003 27.1 25.6 ES S.S 
03.11.2003 24.4 20. 4.4 18.2 
16.12.2003 A | 25.3 195 5.8 22.9 
16.12.2003 B | 23. 19.8 3.2 13,9 
Table 3. Velocity determination automatically from LUMOS 
imagery 
The overage relative error of velocity determination for one test 
car within the image sequence of -1 sec length is about 15 96. 
This error depends inversely proportional of absolute value of 
velocity and also of the geometric resolution and radiometric 
conditions of images. 
6. RESULTS 
Within the two projects *Eye in the Sky" and LUMOS a 
system for online and real-time georeferencing was build up. 
This system is usable for different tasks using frame cameras 
on air borne platforms. 
Based on this system real-time thematic image processing 
software is developed. For generating traffic flow parameters 
the detection of vehicles and the classification of them were 
done. 
In this way at last a new kind of sensors for traffic data 
collection was planed, developed and as a demonstrator tested. 
l. A new technology for the wide area airborne traffic 
measurements based on real time image processing of 
infrared or visible optical sensors become a reality. 
The main part of system, real time thematic image 
processing to the traffic parameters developed by DLR, is 
optimized for aggregations of measured traffic data to the 
average parameters for a specific road segment related to 
the interface to existing traditional traffic simulation and 
prognosis tools. 
3. Experience of operational work with the developed system 
shows advantage of helicopter as a airborne platform for 
the traffic monitoring in the Cities because of possibility 
to follow any flight route up to get caught over traffic 
“hot spots”. The aircraft has advantage for the monitoring 
of inter cities traffic flow. 
No 
7. OUTLOOK 
After successful final demonstrations, sensor and processing 
concepts should be extended. The image data of several camera 
systems with different spectral, radiometric and geometric 
properties should be fused in order to derive user relevant 
products in new and traditional fields of applications. 
DLR pursues also other new approaches of “wide area traffic 
data acquisition”. One of them is the air borne traffic 
measurements using Spectral Aperture Radar (SAR) 
technology. In April 2004 DLR with its institutes of Radar- 
System-Technologies and Remote Sensing Technology made a 
first experimental flight for air borne traffic data collection 
using SAR-sensors. DLR’s goal is to develop smart, (semi-) 
248 
autarchic airborne platforms being able to deliver reliable 
traffic information in real-time. 
8. REFERENCES 
Ernst L, Sujew S., Thiessenhusen K.-U., Hetscher M., 
RaBmann S., Ruhé M. LUMOS - Airborne Traffic Monitoring 
System, The IEEE 6" /nternational conference on intelligent 
transportation systems, Proceedings CD-ROM, Shanghai, 
China, October 12-15, 2003 
Eye in the sky. http://www.isky.gr/html/description.html 
(accessed 28. April 2004) 
Hetzheim H., Börner A. Vehicle detection from airborne 
images by seperating of texture properties and their fusion. 
Image and Vision Computing New Zealand 2003, Proceedings 
pp. 48-53, Palmerston North, 2003 
Kühne R., Ruhé M. From vision to reality. Traffic Technology 
International, No. 8, 2002 
Kührt E., Knollenberg J., Mertens V. An automatic early 
warning system for forest fires. Annals of Burns and Fire 
Disasters. Vol. XIV, No. 3, pp 151-154, 2001 
Lithopoulos E. The Applanix approach to GPS/INS integration, 
Photogrammetric Week '99, FRITSCH/SPILLER (Eds.), Wichmann 
Verlag, Heidelberg, pp. 53-57, 1999 
LUMOS. http://www.projekt-lumos.de (accessed 28. April 
2004) 
Ruhé M., Dalaff C., Kühne R. Air- and space borne remote 
sensing systems for traffic data collection - european 
contributions. The IEEE 6th International Conference On 
Intelligent Transportation Systems, Proceedings CD-ROM, 
Shanghai, China, October 12-15, 2003 
Runge H., Breit H., Eineder M., Börner E., Ruhe M., Dalaff 
C., Kühne R. Image is everything. Traffic Technology 
International. No 2, 2003 
Scholten F., Wewel F., Sujew S. High Resolution Stereo 
Camera — Airborne (HRSC-A): 4 Years of Experience. Direct 
Sensor Orientation of a Multi-Line Pushbroom Scanner. — 
ISPRS Proceedings Sensors and Mapping from Space 2001. 
University Hannover, 2001 
Partners in the project „Eye in the Sky“: 
DLR Institutes of Transportation research and of 
Communication and Navigation, DLR department of Optical 
Information Systems, ND SatCom AG, GEOTOPOS S.A.. 
Technical University of Crete, Geosynthesis S.A. New 
Technologies Applications, Joint Research Centre of the 
European Commission, gedas Deutschland GmbH, FhG IPK, 
Robert Bosch S.A., Blaupunkt GmbH 
Partners in the project LUMOS: 
DLR Institute of Transportation Research, IQ-Wireless, 
ScanDat, Teltec Telematik, BLIC, Fraunhofer FIRST Institute 
of Computer Architecture and Software Technology and 
»Forschungs- and Anwendungsverbund Verkehrssystemtechnik 
Berlin (FAV). 
    
  
   
   
   
   
     
     
     
       
   
   
   
  
    
     
    
   
    
    
   
   
    
   
  
    
    
    
  
  
   
   
  
     
    
    
  
  
  
   
    
   
   
    
       
   
  
    
  
  
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