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3.1.1 Cartography
It has been largely proved through SAVP investigations the
geometric quality of SPOT 5 2.5 m resolution products is
consistent with international 1:25,000 scale cartographic and
topographic mapping standards.
The investigation conducted by PASCO clearly demonstrates
that horizontal accuracy and vertical accuracy of the well-
controlled 2.5 resolution panchromatic SPOT 5 imagery by
space triangulation are enough to create or update the 1:25,000-
scale topographic maps by three-dimensional plotting or ortho
images (Kakiuchi, H., Onaka, M., Asai, M., and Itoh, F., 2004).
In this case, interpretation availability of the SPOT 5 imagery
was also sufficiently high for the 1:25,000 level maps. However
it is a little difficult to interpret some features like narrow roads,
single rivers, vegetation, etc. by only the SPOT 5 imagery.
Therefore, the field identification is needed as well as for the
plotting by the aerial photographs.
Other thematic studies have confirmed the potential of the
various SPOT 5 imaging modes for the extraction of
planimetric features, according to mapping requirements of
developed and developing countries.
In the years 2002 and 2003, it was shown by the Kingdom
Center of Remote Sensing (CRTS) in cooperation with Spot
Image, an also by the National Bureau of Surveying and
Mapping of China through a test in the Sichuan province, that
the geometric accuracy of SPOT 5 HRG images is even
consistent with the geometry of the standard 1:10,000 scale
topomaps. The National Bureau of Surveying and Mapping of
China is one of the main SPOT 5 data consumers worldwide.
The suitability of SPOT 5 HRG images was analysed in France
and in Burkina Faso, in view to generate or update medium-
scale topomaps (Lasselin, D., Sempere, J.P., and Cantou, J.Ph.,
2003).
All studies lead to the conclusion that 2.5 m colour images
show the best cartographic potential at 1:50,000 and 1:25,000
scales in terms of interpretation of features, but 2.5 m black-
and-white or 5 m colour images may be sufficient for some
cartographic applications, especially in sparsely populated
areas. The use of SPOT 5 data increases the task of field work
with respect to the use of aerial photos. Nevertheless, the cost-
effectiveness of SPOT 5 data combined with field work has
been proved.
3.1.2 Cadastre, parcel boundary interpretation and area
estimation in rural areas :
In Guatemala, the SAVP investigation by UTJ-PROTIERRA
lead to the conclusion that SPOT 5 imagery brings a significant
support to cartography where planning cadastral activities are
prepared with outdated topographical maps (Corlazzoli, M., and
Fernandez, O.L., 2004). Comparisons between data from total
stations — GPS measurements and orthoimage identification for
different types of parcels were evaluated. Good results were
obtained for large and medium extensions, up to the 1:10,000
scale for the identification process of properties, although it
presented its limits for identifying accurately small parcels,
peri-urban and urban estates. SPOT 5 orthoimage is considered
an interesting alternative input for indirect methodology for
latifundium and medium estate with low topographical
variation. However for small properties, urban cadastre and
building identification, it was recommended to use traditional
surveying methods.
national Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part Bl. Istanbul 2004
Other tests of parcel boundary interpretation were implemented
all over the world. One of them took place in Sweden in 2003,
in the frame of Control with Remote Sensing (CwRS), as a
component of the European Union’s programme of Monitoring
Agriculture by Remote Sensing (MARS-PAC). It was based on
the comparison of the results of interpretation from airborne
orthorectified images with 1m resolution and from SPOT 5
orthorectified images with 2.5-m resolution, by the same
operator (Forsgren, J., 2003). The conclusion was that SPOT 5
data could be an option for the area estimation in most of the
cases, as they seem to fulfill the requirements in the CwRS in
Sweden. The advantages with SPOT 5 orthoimages are the cost
and coverage aspects.
Fig. 2 : Example of identification of small parcels on a SPOT 5
2.5-m resolution panchromatic image in rural areas
Q SPOT Image Copyright 2002, CNES
3.1.3 Urban planning
UPC/CPSV addressed urban planning issue on Barcelona site
(Roca, J., Burns, M. C., and Carreras, J. M., 2004). SPOT 5
images have been used for two main goals: identification and
measurement of urban growth between 1995 and 2003 from a
strictly morphological perspective, and assessment of SPOT 5
characteristics for urban planning activities from an operational
perspective.
In order to guarantee self-consistent results on the whole area, a
methodology based on automatic classification was developed,
even if such processing produces results less detailed than
visual analysis. It appeared that a big advantage of SPOT 5
data comes from its large coverage (60 x 60 km) which permits
to cover the entire 495 km? of Metropolitan Area of Barcelona
(MAB) in one time. Such precise, homogeneous and exhaustive
geographical information is ideal for urban planning on a large
metropolitan area.
In addition, the result of the visual assessment performed by
urban planners showed that 2.5 m color SPOT 5 images
contained a wealth of information, very easily accessible by
simply superimposing the earlier and later images. It is possible
to determine at a glance the areas where development pressures
have been most strongly experienced (industrial redevelopment,
new commercial developments, infrastructure improvement or
investment).
This SAVP investigation on Barcelona example shows clearly
the benefits of SPOT 5 imagery in the domain of town and
country planning. This is consistent with the results of previous
studies, conducted in the frame of in-orbit performance
