Istanbul 2004
network is
| (e.g, data
ground data
sing of data
) an organic
and radio
to specific
tive facilities
1999). Thus,
h-speed data
with one or
n high-speed
and ground
nary further
redictions of
re, pollution
are then also
the directly
o the ground
et these data
ocessed data
network, all
sither direct
ously by the
ority, where
| first. For
re may have
anchromatic
priority over
autonomous
yrioritization
ontrollers or
International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part BI. Istanbul 2004
The FIEOS will perform much of the event detection and
response processing that is presently performed by ground-
based systems, through the use of high performance processing
architectures and reconfigurable computing environments
(Alkalai 2001, Armbruster et al. 2000, Bergmann et al. 2000).
FIEOS will act autonomously in controlling instruments and
spacecraft, while also responding to the commands of the user
interested to measure specific events or features. So, users can
select instrument parameters on demand and control on-board
algorithms to preprocess the data for information extraction.
Various Users
Illustration
A real-time user, eg, a | NE X
mobile GIS user, requires a
Mobile | real-time downlink for geo-
user referenced satellite imagery
with a portable receiver, small
antenna and laptop computer.
A mobile user, e.g., a search-
Real- | and-rescue pilot, requires a
time real-time downlink for geo-
user referenced panchromatic or
multispectral imagery in a
helicopter.
A lay user) cæ, a' farmer,
Lay requires geo-referenced,
user multispectral imagery at a
frequency of 1-3 days for
investigation of his harvest.
A professional user, e.g. a
Profes | mineralogist, requires
sional | hyperspectral imagery for
user distinguishing different
minerals.
A topographic cartographer,
Profes | e.g, a photogrammetrist
sional | requires panchromatic images
user for stereo mapping.
Figure 2. Examples of future direct end-users in the land
surface remote sensing (images are courtesy of other authors
available on the web).
The design concept for FIEOS is flexible because any
additional satellites can easily be inserted without risk to the
infrastructure, and the instruments and platforms are
organically tied together with network information technology.
A two-layer satellite network insures that global data is
collected on a frequency of decade minutes base or shorter;
event-driven data are collected with multi-angle, multi-
resolution, multi-bands, and users can acquire images of any
part of the globe in real-time. This design concept provides a
plug-and-play approach to the development of new sensors,
measurement platforms and information systems, permitting
smaller, lighter, standardized satellites with independent
functions to be designed for shorter operational lifetimes than
X -X-—f
veu mat
today's large systems so that the instrument technology in
space can be kept closer to the state-of-the-art.
2.3 End-user operation
End users expect directly down-linked satellite data (in fact, the
concept of data means image-based information, rather than
traditional remotely sensed data) using their own receiving
equipment. All receivers are capable of uploading the user's
command, and mobile and portable receivers have GPS
receivers installed, i.e., mobile user's position in geodetic
coordinate system can be real-time determined and uploaded to
satellite systems. The on-board data distributor will retrieve an
image (scene) from its database according to the user's position
(Figure 2).
In this fashion, an ordinary user on the street is able to use a
portable wireless device to downlink/access the image map of
the surroundings from a satellite system or from the Internet.
Homes in the future are also able to obtain atmospheric data
from the satellite network for monitoring their own
environments. The operation appears to the end-users as simple
and easy as selecting a TV channel by using a remote control
(Figure 3). The intelligent satellite system will enable people
not only to see their environment, but also to "shape" their
physical surroundings.
Geostationary '
wr
The end-users connect their
(PC) computer to receiver
and antenna for real-time
downlink and display of
satellite imagery.
Remote
control
It appears to the end-users that receiving the s?
ellite data is as easy as selecting a TV channel.
Figure 3. End-user operation akin to selecting a TV channel.
3. STATUS OF PROGRESS AT ODU
Realization of such a technologically complex system will
require the contributions of scientists and engineers from many
disciplines. In the present paper, we report our progress on two
topics: (1) Relative and absolute navigation of formation flying
of satellites, and (2) On-board *GCP" identification based on
GIS data.
3.1 Simultaneous Determination of R/A Position and
Attitude of Multi-satellites
The simultaneous determination of R/A and attitude of multi-
satellites is based on the photogrammetry collinearity as
follows:
M M M M gl M M
NB =X] ytr =X; pen (2e Le )
M M
no eX. )*t ra (Y;
A rn - 773
Pe og A Lu T YN RIZ PZN) (1)
rU eX yen E: Y RA — ZE )
