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International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B2. Istanbul 2004
TLS data can also be used to acquire the base ground data for
flooding simulation with high precision, for example to
determine whether water goes over a Japanese raised floor or
below, which can not be judged based on conventional 50 meter
meshed terrain data. The TLS imagery can also be used for
three-dimensional city models with high definition, which is
expected to be used for city planning, landscape simulation,
auto navigation, gaming, and so on. When the helicopter flies
along a road, the wall textures facing the road can be acquired
with a nadir looking image. The wall textures that are
perpendicular to the road can be acquired with either a forward
looking or backward looking image. Textures can be semi-
automatically mapped onto 3-D polygons. The acquisition of
the texture of the building walls facing a trunk road also can be
efficiently acquired with an oblique-viewing image.
Furthermore, using the characteristics that can acquire an image
of three directions in the constant time lag, the systems can
measure the speed of a car, running water, etc. And, it can be
applied to the traffic flow measurement which goes along a
road and illegal parking investigation judging from the image
deformation of a car, a distance from a road edge, etc.
3. DATA PROCESSING ON IMAGESTATION
The effort of supporting the STARIMAGER imagery into the
Z/1 Imaging suite of photogrammetry products is divided into 2
phases (Madani, 1999). Phase 1 deals with necessary changes
in several Z/I Imaging products for the purpose of 3-D feature
and DTM collection and orthophoto creation. These changes
impact ImageStation Photogrammetric Manager, ImageStation
Sterco Display, ImageStation OrthoPro, and other components.
Phase 2 requires some changes in the ImageStation Automatic
Elevation product for the purpose of automatic DTM generation.
3.1 Requirements and software architecture
As STARIMAGER is a new camera type, the existing functions
in Z/I Imaging's Photo Foundation cannot handle the imagery
acquired by STARIMAGER. Some new definitions and
functions need to be added into Photo Foundation and some
existing. functions need to be modified in order to process
STARIMAGER images.
The Phase 1 requirement was to use the Tokyo State Plane
coordinate system (Japan Plane Rectangular system with Tokyo
datum). The provided TLS library provides the STARIMAGER
sensor model and uses this coordinate system as the real ground
mapping system when transforming image to ground and
ground to as shown in Figure 5. The Z/I Imaging coordinate
system component is used in the initial release of functionality
to transform from Tokyo State Plane to all other valid mapping
coordinate systems for this area. The STARIMAGER library
uses the Japan Geographical Survey Institute (GSI)
implementation of the WGS84 to Tokyo datum transformation,
while the Z/I Imaging library uses the Standard Molodensky
transformation. While the GSI implementation is slightly more
accurate, it is slower, and it cannot be re-distributed. Z/I
Imaging compared the accuracy of the two methods during
Phase ! development.
Phase | required a new command to import STARIMAGER
images and automatically create associated photos and models
The ImageStation Photogrammetric Manager product is used to
import and manage STARIMAGER data. Existing methods for
225
creating the project and project mapping coordinate system
were utilized. The STARIMAGER camera is automatically
created based on the input STARIMAGER camera calibration
files.
The new Import STARIMAGER Images command resides
under the Tools pulldown menu similar to the IKONOS tools.
The user selects this command to bring up the new Import
STARIMAGER Images dialog (Figure 4).
ogrammetric: M us
| ADS40 ,
IKONOS >
| STARIMAGER kd
Auto-Open Last Project T !
i i
Figure 4. ISPM Main Window
The ImageStation Stereo Display product was modified to
handle this type of imagery for heads-up digitising and to
permit the STARIMAGER models to be used in the same
fashion as stereo models from other sensors. At this time,
ImageStation Stereo Display has no new perceived
requirements for Phase 2.
A user wanting to work with STARIMAGER images typically
follow the steps below. These steps are for Phase 1 of the
STARIMAGER effort only and do not include any triangulation
of STARIMAGER imagery.
(1) Create the aerial project using the New Project wizard.
(2) Run the new Import STARIMAGER Images command to
create Camera, Photos, and Models
(3) One can use the footprint viewer to visualize the spatial
relationships of the imported images for verification or go
straight to ImageStation Stereo Display to do feature collection.
One can view models in ImageStation orientation/triangulation
products. Measuring points on photos have no effect on the EO
parameters of the images (no adjustment is computed).
v - ee STARLABO provides: ;
| TLS Main User Interface | ps 7] [7 :
| | TLS Mainexe | [ox be]
AM Le s
ES ht ay
Rectification | TLS Triangulation Software |
TLS Rectify.exe | TLS_Triangulation.exe |
| | Rectified | POS s
; L image | alibration
;
pm rey em to ee EL N a mm mes a a a a in emen a A mb m an an a ESS
| | TLS Sensor/Trajectory Model |
.
i Forward Intersection |
i Y M——|
vid 1 station | JLS FerwardIntersect. dil |
! mage Station | ER
! | Stereo Measurement + |
| ISDM.exe | On
tom |__| Backward Projection | — —
| TLS BackProject.dil |
! ImageStation SSS
Figure 5. ImageStation module with STARIMAGER library
3.2 Data pre-processing
The Import STARIMAGER Images command expects a set of
STARIMAGER data to be triangulated and rectified to level 1
