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» elevation of 
ulated as the 
International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B2. Istanbul 2004 
where L; = the length of pipe 
TL = the aggregate length of all pipes in a block 
P; = the weight value assigned to pipe i 
x 
(a) Removing 
roads from the 
Table | shows the duration of pipe materials and table 2 shows 
parcel map 
the weight values assigned from 1 to 5 based on diameters of 
pipes. 
Table 1. Duration of materials of pipes 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Code No Material Duration(years) 
001 Cast iron 30 
s: 003 Zinc 10 
(b) Creating 004 Softened vinyl 15 
Ke Size 005 Polyethylene 15 
N 006 Stainless 30 
pers 007 Copper 25 
010 Plastered cast iron 20 
019 Fabric-covered steel 40 
028 Fabric-lined polyethylene 30 
040 Impact-resisting 30 
999 Others 
  
  
  
(c) Creating mid- Table 2. Weight values according to the diameters of pipes 
  
  
  
  
  
  
size distribution Diameter(millimetres) Weight value 
blocks « 30 I 
30-100 2 
100-200 3 
200-300 4 
> 300 5 
  
  
(d) Completing 
distribution 
blocks based on 
water 
The study used equation 4 in calculating pipe ages when the 
water pressure between a distribution reservoir and a block is 
taken into account. 
  
consumptions 
ER —EB - MHL (3) 
Figure 1. The processes for designing distribution blocks 
where ER : Elevation of the reservoir 
EB : Average elevation of the block 
MHL: Mean head loss 
YP-Y 
S; = — (1) 
D, ; I. 
Here, the head loss is calculated using Darcy-Weisbach's 
8 y 
equation as follows. 
Where S, superannuation of pipe i 
YP : present year ] > 
Yl; :the year installed of pipe i ^ 
D; :the durability of ne H,SÀx—x (4) 
i ~~. the durability of pipe 1 D 2g 
If we take into account the length portion of the pipe compared 
to the aggregate length in a block and the weight value, the Where H, :the head loss isst 
equation (1) can be rewritten as equation (2). A: the coefficient of friction 
|. :thelength ofthe pipe 
D : the diameter of the pipe 
; v :the velocity of current 
S = TP Hl, x Li x P (2) g acceleration of gravity 
STG panne = 154 
! 
291