art B2. Istanbul 2004 
  
International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol XXXV, Part B2. Istanbul 2004 
  
paring a Target 
Exposure Station In 
| offered by an in situ 
jen compared to a 
single photo resection 
rst the results from a 
d from results. of an in 
ordinates for each case 
es derived from GPS. 
Digital Cameras 
  
Figure 4. Resected Exposure Stations Compared to GPS 
Results 
3.2.3 Flight Tests of the Zeiss LMK/15-23 Camera In Open 
-Port Aircraft 
The standard film-based mapping camera was flown in a 
Patenavia light twin aircraft equipped with an open port (see 
Figure 5.) 
  
Figure 5. Partenavia Light Twin Aircraft with Open Camera 
Port; Pilot Pete Hobstetter and Photographer Eduardo Kroman 
The comparison of results obtained from single photo 
resections based on laboratory and in sifu calibrations 
compared to exposure station coordinates provided by GPS are 
presented in Table 1. The differences in resected elevations [Z] 
from those provided by GPS are clearly seen in Table 1. These 
differences are produced by what may be termed a centering 
error, an error that may be corrected by choice of an 
appropriate value for calibrated focal length. It is also 
interesting to note that both calibrations produce nearly the 
same horizontal components of RMSE and bias. 
n2 
wo 
0.8 
0.6 
METERS 
0.4 
0.2 
   
  
  
RMSE CIN SITU LAB BIAS 
Table 1. Single Photo Resection Comparisons for an Open 
Port, Twin Engine Aircraft [LMK 15/23 Camera] at 1260 
Meters AGL for Seven Photographs 
Table 2. provides comparisons for the same aircraft under the 
same circumstances but at a higher altitude above ground. The 
resected results at 3070 meters are the same as those for 1260 
meters except for the magnitude of the centering error, due in 
part to the differences in scale of the imagery. 
0.8 
0.6 
METERS 
0.4 
    
  
  
  
RMSE bas 
OJIN SITU mLAB 
Table 2. Single Photo Resection Comparisons for an Open 
Port, Twin Engine Aircraft [LMK 15/23 Camera] at 3070 
Meters AGL for Nine Photographs 
3.2.4 Flight Tests of the Wild RC30 Camera in a 
Windowed-Port Aircraft 
To demonstrate the influence of a port window on results of 
resection, the NOAA Cessna Citation aircraft was flown over 
the Madison Range at two different altitudes. The lower 
altitude did not use cabin pressurization, the higher did. The 
aircraft is shown in Figure 6. while the spatial offsets, antenna 
phase center to camera entrance node, are being measured at 
the Springfield, Ohio airport.